HOW MUCH WEIGHT CAN A 4 X 4 SUPPORT VERTICALLY?
You have several variables here. Variables such as soil type; the length of the 4x4 above the ground before it reaches the patio surface; the layout of the joists on the patio to span the 24 x 14 area. If I was to give you a "generally whats done" kind of response it would be this: If you have mostly clay soil then dig out with post hole digger a diameter at least twice diameter of post (about 8-12" circle) and put about four inches of premix concrete for post foundation. If you have sand, it is more stable and you might not need the cement. Sink posts as deep as the frost level in your area. Posts should be less than 4 ft length above ground before being fastened to patio. To lay out a 14 x 24 deck, if you run the joists the direction of the 14' ft span and put them on two foot centers you'll need 13- fourteen foot long 2"x12" 's to cover the 24 ft width, and you'll need 4- twelve foot long 2"x12" 's to cap off both ends of the 13- fourteen foot boards ( 2 twelve footers at each end to cover the 24 feet ends of boards) If you put a 4x4 post at every second board end (4ft apart) that will be 7 posts at one end of the fourteen footers and 7 posts at the other end. You won't need any posts along your 14 foot span, just place posts along the 24 foot span starting at the corners and putting a post every four feet along that 24 foot span. So you'll need 14 posts if you run 13 boards with dimensions of 2"x12"x 14 feet
What is max pooling in convolutional neural networks?
Max pooling is a sample-based discretization process. The objective is to down-sample an input representation (image, hidden-layer output matrix, etc.), reducing its dimensionality and allowing for assumptions to be made about features contained in the sub-regions binned.This is done to in part to help over-fitting by providing an abstracted form of the representation. As well, it reduces the computational cost by reducing the number of parameters to learn and provides basic translation invariance to the internal representation.Max pooling is done by applying a max filter to (usually) non-overlapping subregions of the initial representation.Let's say we have a 4x4 matrix representing our initial input. Let's say, as well, that we have a 2x2 filter that we'll run over our input. We'll have a stride of 2 (meaning the (dx, dy) for stepping over our input will be (2, 2)) and won't overlap regions.For each of the regions represented by the filter, we will take the max of that region and create a new, output matrix where each element is the max of a region in the original input.In order to make this super easy, with a nice pictorial representation - I give you this:For a real example (note that the z dimension, the number of layers, remains unchanged in the pooling operation):(Source for both: Stanford's CS231n github)
How much weight can residential wall studs support?
I am not sure the exact bearing capacity of a single 2x4 stud, but a 2x4 wall per code is allowed to support a two story house with a roof ( the lowest wall is supporting one entire floor system plus the roof), and a bearing point under a beam supporting a large portion of floor might only have 3–4 studs. Also, cabinets are typically supported by blocking nailed between the studs, dispersing the weight pretty evenly across the wall, so it would be unlikely that any one cabinet is entirely supported by one wall. When you consider the fact that the same 2x4 wall is likely supporting all of your furniture such as your bed, couches, dressers, tables etc., the cabinets really are not even a consideration in what a wall will support. Also, keep in mind cabinets are typically made of plywood if they are nice, and mdf if they are cheap. Depending on the length of wall, a 2x4 wall could support 20,000–30,000lbs. This wall would obviously contain a lot of studs, but that is still a ton of weight. With a typical cabinet, it would be far more likely that the cabinet breaks, than the wall collapsing from weight.
How much weight can a 4x4 8 ft. long take standing uprite?
Let's assume you're talking about a "four by four" piece of wood? (A "four by four" is not 4 inches by 4 inches.) What type of wood is it? Douglas Fir is popular. Is it pressure-treated? Anyway, wood bares the toleration of roughly 625 pounds per square inch. A 4x4 is 3.5" per side, for a cross-sectional area of 12.25 square inches. 625*12.25 = 7656.25 pounds. Most hot tubs are around 500 gallons. At 8 pounds/gallon, that's 4000 pounds. Now, of course, this assumes that the hot tub is directly on top of the 4x4. If you're building a deck with these as the corner posts supporting other pieces of wood, you may need to do more complicated calculations. Also, always include a safety factor of 2 or 3 (you don't want this thing barely not breaking and also need to account for imperfections in the wood that could greatly reduce its strength. So, let's approximate the 4x4 as being able to support 7500 pounds and use a safety factor of 3. Four posts should safely be able to support 10,000 pounds. How much does the rest of your deck weigh? Probably far less than the extra 6,000 pounds. I would definitely have an engineer look over your final design. A mistake on this could be fatal for you and your loved ones.
How do I repair cut off floor joists with plumbing in the way?
The maximum bore you would be allowed per code in a 2x10 is 3 1/8" and max notch would be 2 3/8". Notches and bores are not permitted in center third of the joist. Reference International Residential Code R502.8 for more information. The plumbing needs to be cut out and re-run under the joist after the repairs have been made. This is a serious issue and cleats will not be a sufficient repair. You are going to have to sister the joists at this point to bring back the structural integrity. This is a job that is really better left to a licensed professional experienced in this kind of work. This repair also will require a building permit. You or your contractor should be able to apply for an emergency permit which will allow the repair to be done quickly without waiting the usual 3 -6 weeks for permit approvals. Whoever ran the plumbing and cut out these joists is responsible for the repair costs. You or your lawyer will need to contact them and get their insurance information. If the plumber was uninsured there is a good chance you will have to go to court. It is basic code knowledge and common sense not to cut out a joist and represents gross negligence on behalf of your plumber. Bridging: Bracing installed in a X pattern between floor joists to stiffen the floor and distribute live loads. Correctly called cross-bridging. Blocking: Small pieces of wood used to secure, join, or reinforce members. Also may be used to fill space or voids between members where and when used in this manner it is refereed to as fire blocking.
What length of screw should I use to attach a shelf to a wall stud?
There are a number of factor involved, but in no case should the length extend more than 1 1/4″ into the stud itself, to avoid striking wires and pipe. Do not use drywall screws as they have minimal (no) strength in shear, which is the force a shelf will put on the screw. Increase the diameter of the screw and their frequency to compensate for heavier loads. Do not go smaller than number 8 unless the shelf is tiny and will carry no load.
How far can i cantilever my deck using 2 x 8's?
The 4 x 4 will not give you a lot of support, over time it will bow and sag. I would use at least 2 - 2 x 8 sandwiched together (if not 2 x 10 or 2 x 12). This will give you a much stronger beam. General rule of thumb is only cantilever 25 percent of the total length of the joist at a maximum (some say you can go 33 percent and code does allow that). Remember that a cantilever is a lever and multiplies the weight it supports. Code does not allow for more than 2 feet for buildings, but is not as clear cut for decks. I have gone as far as 4 feet but i was using 2 x 12's. and the deck was 16' feet wide at that point. and was partially supported by the stairway. Also you should be aware that if you build something that is not to code and you sell your house and the new owner has a problem (like a deck collapsing) you could be sued. Also your insurance will not cover any losses to something that is not built to code (this will vary from one company to the next but is generally true)
What are the dimensions of boxing ring?
Standalone contest boxing rings are available in these sizes: 16 feet square, 18′, 20′, 22′ and 24′. Training rings are available at 12′ and 16′.The licensing association decides what size is required for any given contest. In general, small hall promotions use smaller rings.A 16 foot ring is too small for any kind of contest except for small juniors. No form of boxing (International boxing, Thai boxing or kickboxing), for adults, should take place in a 16 foot ring as it is too small - it is just 3 steps across for heavyweights and that means safety is compromised.The smallest practical and safe size for adults in any kind of boxing is an 18 foot ring.Rings can be 3-rope or 4-rope. The four-rope ring is better and should be standard for all contests.…………..A funny taleI am very familiar with all forms of boxing, and amateur wrestling. However I had no personal experience of professional wrestling and had no idea the ring is different. I was invited to referee a boxing contest several hundred miles away and did not question the basics - bad decision… It turned out to be put on by a wrestling promoter, who used his normal pro wrestling ring.Now a boxing ring is supported underneath throughout the area of the ring by metal tables with a plywood or chipboard top, then another ply layer, then a mat, then canvas. The tables are simply made from bolt-together steel shelving struts such as Dexion. This provides a very rigid base plus a light mat for falls.A pro wrestling ring, though - as I found to my cost - is not rigidly supported underneath. It has some steel channel section beams underneath that span the ring width. These deflect significantly in the ring centre in order to allow a wrestler to be slammed into the mat without harm - it is a floating floor.Walking across this ring, we bounced. Literally. If you can imagine bouncing boxing, that is what we had that night. It was desperate.I had to make the decision whether to cancel it or allow it to proceed. I chose to OK it and pray. Luckily no one got hurt, but it was a bit like that fight game in The Prisoner where they jump around on trampolines hitting each other.Sometimes a ref has to make tough decisions and there is always a chance it can go badly wrong. Pity the poor ref.