What is transpiration cohesion tension mechanism??
For the best answers, search on this site https://shorturl.im/avbWM Yes, both rely on the cohesion/adhesion of water molecules to move through plant vesicles and diffusion of solutes through the water column or the draw of solutes across a permeable membrane. The pressure-flow hypothesis of phloem: sap moves down the concentration gradient translocated by the water drawn in by osmosis at the top of the gradient and by the water pushed out at the bottom of the gradient. Water in the xylem moves out laterally, by osmosis, to surrounding vascular, ground and epidermal tissues. The phloem draws this water strongest near the sucrose source (either roots in spring or leaves in summer). This way the phloem direction of flow can be reversed. Sucrose is actively loaded (energy is used) into the phloem vesicle’s sieve cells creating a high solute concentration. Phloem with a low water potential (high solute concentration) pulls water in. The water being drawn in creates osmotic pressure inside the phloem column so the sap is pushed down the gradient. At the bottom of the gradient the 'sink' removes sucrose for use or storage, depending on season. The phloem's water moves back to the xylem at the bottom of the gradient because the xylem has a higher solute concentration, once the sucrose is removed from the phloem. This model implies some water actually circulates in the plant from xylem to phloem's flow and back to the xylem. Xylem sap ascends by solar-powered bulk flow in one direction only. The roots take up water by having more concentrated solutes than the soil around the root. Charged ions like NH4+ & PO4- are assisted by facilitated transport to create a a one way gradient The roots actively create the osmotic gradient for the water (and its other solutes) to follow across the permeable membrane. Once in the root system, water is pulled up the xylem by water evaporating from the top of the xylem column among the leaves. Water evaporates from the leaf pores, the stomata. Water molecules cling to each other and to the xylem walls. Thus water moves against gravity by capillary action in the small xylem tubes. Working together these forces make up the transpiration of water up through the xylem. Roots draw water from the ground, capillary action moves water up while leaves allow water to escape by evaporating away from the open stomata.
What is mechanism of lubrication in IC engine?
Well lubrication is a two part process one part is crankshaft and camshaft (lower half of engine )one is cylinder head .(upper half of engine)in large engines crankshaft is drilled to provide lubrication to various parts such as Main Bearing,Connecting rod bearing etc from cylinder head oil is supplied to rocker arms tappet etc.the oil used to lubricate lower half and upper half is different in large engines as oil going inside cylinder might burn and that is a problem
What is the different between deflection and deformation?
Deflection is a bulk phenomena and requires at least two body to occur - Hinges, supports, fixtures often forming the second body. We say Deflection about a particular point... It always has a reference line/point fixed about which it is measured.Image Source: WikipediaFor example when when we talk about the deflection of a cantilever, we say the end has deflected by 2 cm ( about/from its neutral point.)Secondly all deflection depends on "Area moment of Inertia" (Geometry of entire structure), apart from Load and Modulus.For example deflection of a cantilever beam at end point is given as[math] (F*L^3)/(3*E*I) [/math]Deformation on other hand is a localised phenomena and is often measured in terms of strain. It can be both permanent as well as elastic (returns back to original shape) in nature.It depends only on Resistive Stress and the Modulus.Repititive deformation can lead to changes in material property at the point where the load is applied. While Repititive deflection can lead to changes in property both at point of application as well as about the point from where it deflects. (This is not the major difference in true sense, though)
What is mechanical deformation?
Mechanical deformation is usually associated with ductile metals and refers to a permanent (beyond the elastic limit) tension, compression or shear of the material. It may be done hot or cold, and purposely or as a result of accident, and deforms the material. The technique is often used to roll steel into useful shapes such as plate, angles, I and H shapes, railroad rails, rods and bars etc. Depending on the material and the process, the strength and other properties of the material can be improved. Copper, for example, hardens when cold worked.
What is the difference between wire drawing and extrusion?
Wire drawing is a metalworking process used to reduce the cross-section of a wire by pulling the wire through a single, or series of, drawing die(s). There are many applications for wire drawing, including electrical wiring, cables, tension-loaded structural components, springs, paper clips, spokes for wheels, and stringed musical instruments. Although similar in process, drawing is different from extrusion, because in drawing the wire is pulled, rather than pushed, through the die. Drawing is usually performed at room temperature, thus classified as a cold working process, but it may be performed at elevated temperatures for large wires to reduce forces. Extrusion is a process used to create objects of a fixed cross-sectional profile. A material is pushed or drawn through a die of the desired cross-section. The two main advantages of this process over other manufacturing processes are its ability to create very complex cross-sections, and to work materials that are brittle, because the material only encounters compressive and shear stresses. It also forms finished parts with an excellent surface finish. See below Link for brief Idea
A uniformly charged insulating rod of length 16.0 cm is bent into the shape of a semicircle as shown in the?
Draw a horizontal line through O to intersect the rod at P. Now consider a small part of the rod such that the perpendicular from O to that part is inclined at an angle θ with OP. Let this part subtend an angle dθ at the center. So length of this part = R dθ Charge of this part = R dθ * Q / l where Q and l are the charge & length of the entire rod. Electric field due to this charge dE = k*(R dθ * Q / l) / R^2 = k Q dθ / Rl The direction of this electric field is along the radius joining that part to the center O. Now consider another part below OP such that the radius through this part is also inclined to OP at an angle θ. The electric field exerted by this part will also be dE. Now the vertical components of fields due to these two mirror elements cancel each other and the net field is along OP. Similarly, the vertical field due to any part will be canceled by that due to its mirror element. So net field at O will be the sum of components of fields due to all parts along OP. Component of field due to a part along OP = dE cosθ = k Q cosθ dθ / Rl For E(net) integrate from θ = -π/2 to θ = π/2. E(net) = 2 k Q / R l Also l = πR So E(net) = 2 π k Q / l^2 Substitute: k = 9 x 10^9 Q = 7.5 x 10^-6 (Take it to be positive to calculate the magnitude of E. Then calculate direction separately) l = 0.16 m E (net) = 16558593.75 N/C Direction is along OP. Hope this helps. your_guide123@yahoo.com
What is adhesion, cohesion, and surface tension?
adhesion and cohesion both refer to "two things sticking to each other", but the difference lies in the nature of the stickiness. In the word cohesion, by virtue of its prefix "co-", should evoke the notion of "cooperation" -- both surfaces provide the impetus to stick together. In contrast, adhesion implies only one of the surfaces wants to do the sticking. Sticking the sticky sides of two pieces of sticky tape together is cohesion. But sticking the sticky side of one piece of sticky tape to a non-sticky, painted classroom wall is adhesion -- the wall doesn't want to stick to anything, but doesn't reject the stickiness of the tape. surface tension is a small-scale force that appears between a fluid interface and another surface. It uses the surface area of the interface to exploit the free energy resulting from the contact of the components of the liquid-liquid or liquid-solid interface. For example, the surface tension between water and glass is responsible for capillary action -- the water climbing a short distance up the interior surface of a thin glass pipet. The free energy resulting from the electrostatics/chemistry of the water/glass interface is what provides the energy required to lift the small mass of water up against the force of gravity. Surface tension is the reason that some surfaces like to be wetted and some resist wetting. If you take an eyedropper of liquid and deposit a drop of it onto a surface, you get one of two results: (1) the drop spreads out to form a thin layer that attempts to cover the entire surface (2) the drop tends to retain its round shape and there is a distinct, fixed angle between the surface and the angle of the drop/air interface. In case (1), the surface likes to be wetted by the fluid. In case (2), the surface resists the wetting by the fluid. In both cases, the surface tension of the fluid/surface interface is used effect either result.
What is the best material for dies in wire drawing process?
What is best for the business will determine the best die material and will vary depending on the product needs.Wire drawing dies are typically available intool steel,tungsten carbide anddiamond, synthetic and natural.Steel dies are the least expensive and quite suitable in many applications . These are versatile in that they can be reworked to use for drawing larger wire sizes after they wear or are damaged. In some cases where the use of steel dies is appropriate, it might be a waste of money to apply carbide or diamond, so a steel die would be the best.Carbide dies have improved durability at a higher cost and for many multi-die operations where die change aren't frequently done, carbide dies offer a cost effective best soluution.Diamond, being the hardest material, offers the lowest wear scenario and is often used when a very narrow dimensioanl tolerance is needed on the wire. These are the most expensive and best used when needed to support product quality.Why use $200 hiking boots when $1 flip flops work fine for an afternoon on the beach?...don't over-specify needs unless you are headed into a jungle or up a mountain.
A very long insulating cylinder of charge of radius 2.40cm carries a uniform linear density of 15.0nC/m.?
E=λ/2πεr deltaV = -integral(E*dr) from d-r to r = -integral(λdr/2πεr) from r to d+r = -(λ/2πε)(ln(d+r)-ln(r)) so d=r*e^((deltaV*2*pi*ε)/λ) - r = (0.024)e^(((200)(2π)(8.85*10^(-12))/(15*... = 2.64 cm
What is the difference between deep drawing and wire drawing in metal forming?
Deep drawing is a sheet metal forming process in which a sheet metal blank is radially drawn into a forming die by the mechanical action of a punch. It is thus a shape transformation process with material retention. The process is considered "deep" drawing when the depth of the drawn part exceeds its diameter. This is achieved by redrawing the part through a series of dies. The flange region (sheet metal in the die shoulder area) experiences a radial drawing stress and a tangential compressive stress due to the material retention property. These compressive stresses (hoop stresses) result in flange wrinkles (wrinkles of the first order). Wrinkles can be prevented by using a blank holder, the function of which is to facilitate controlled material flow into the die radius.Whereas,Wire drawing is a metalworking process used to reduce the cross-section of a wire by pulling the wire through a single, or series of, drawing die(s). There are many applications for wire drawing, including electrical wiring, cables, tension-loaded structural components, springs, paper clips, spokes for wheels, and stringed musical instruments. Although similar in process, drawing is different from extrusion, because in drawing the wire is pulled, rather than pushed, through the die. Drawing is usually performed at room temperature, thus classified as a cold working process, but it may be performed at elevated temperatures for large wires to reduce forcesHope this answer work.Best of Luck....Source: Wikipedia, Google images.