Light Dependent vs. Light Independent reactions?
The light independent reaction occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast, and the light dependent reaction occurs in the thylakoid of the chloroplast. In the light dependent reaction (the two photosystems), products from there are transported to the light independent reaction. In the light dependent reaction, light (from the sun)splits two water molecules, and the H+ remains on the side, ready to be moved on to Photosystem I from II via the electron transport chain. Oxygen is released during Photosystem II. ATP synthase binds ADP and P together as the hydrogen atoms travel with the ATP synthase. In Photosystem I, NADP+ accepts and carries two pairs of hydrogen atoms, and while doing so, becomes NADPH. ATP and NADPH goes to the Calvin Cycle (light independent). In the Calvin Cycle, NADPH and ATP is taken in, and NADP+ and ADP is released to the light dependent reactions. Carbon dioxide is taken in, and glucose is released in the light independent reaction.
Explain the input/output of light dependent reactions?
The inputs: light energy and water The outputs: ATP, NADPH and O2 So basically,12 H2O + 12 NADP+ + 18 ADP + 18 Pi + light ---> 6 O2 + 12 NADPH + 18 ATP Hope this helps!!
What are the outputs of the light dependent reaction?
The outputs are ATP, NADPH, and O2
What are light dependent and light independent reactions?
These are the two "stages" of photosynthesis. The light DEPENDENT reaction is the first one - and it is, obviously, reliant on sunlight. The energy from the sunlight, along with water are converted into ATP (chemical energy) and electron carriers (NADPH). Basically, you haven't really formed any sugar in the light dependent reaction yet...you're just setting it up for the light independent reaction. (By the way, this reaction happens in the grana of the chloroplast.) The light INDEPENDENT reaction takes the energy and electron carriers from the previous reaction and uses them to turn carbon dioxide into glucose. This reaction doesn't need light...but it will cease if it uses up all the chemical energy. This reaction happens in th stroma of the chloroplast.
What are the input and output of photosynthesis?
In the Light Dependent Processes (Light Reactions) light strikes chlorophyll a in such a way as to excite electrons to a higher energy state. In a series of reactions the energy is converted (along an electron transport process) into ATP and NADPH. Water is split in the process, releasing oxygen as a by-product of the reaction. The ATP and NADPH are used to make C-C bonds (from CO2) in the Light Independent Process (Dark Reactions).
Light reactions occur in?Light reactions inputs? outputs?
Occurs on the thylakoid membranes of the plant cell chloroplasts. Input - H2O, light, ADP, Pi, NADP+. Output - ATP, NADPH, O2.
What are the inputs and outputs of a light reaction?
The light-reaction apparatus is rather complicated, but it has an oxidizing (electron removal) end and a reducing (electron addition) end.At the oxidizing end, it does2H2O -> 4H+ + O2 + 4e (to the light-reaction apparatus)At the reducing end, it does(from the light-reaction apparatus) 2e + NADP+ + H+ -> NADPHwhere NADPH carries energetic electrons to biosynthesis reactions and returns as NADP+.The light reactions also pump hydrogen ions across the thylakoid membrane, the place where the light-reaction apparatus resides.
Does a light bulb's brightness depend on voltage or current?
It's not one or the other, but both.Given the thermal characteristics of the resistance of tungsten, filament brightness is much more sensitive to current than it is to voltage.The filament is basically a black body radiator, and its light output depends strongly on the temperature of the filament. The filament temperature is a function of electrical power being dissipated by the filament.You can test on your own as a learning exercise:Connect a 12V automotive light bulb to a variable supply initially set for 0V output, and observe the current through the lamp as you gradually increase the voltage.If you slowly raise or lower the voltage, you will see that the current doesn’t change very much at all. This is because the resistance of the tungsten is low at low filament temperatures (low voltages), and increases as you increase the voltage (which increases the filament temperature, therefore the filament resistance), so the filament current tends to be self-limiting, given time for the filament temperature to stabilize.If, however, you do the same thing with a constant current supply, starting from 0-amps and increasing it gradually, the voltage across the filament will first increase slowly until it reaches a point where it increases very quickly.The reason for this is that as the filament heats up, the resistance increases. Since you are forcing a constant current, the increased temperature causes the resistance to increase, which causes the voltage to increase. Since the relationship for power is P = I(squared) x R, and the resistance and voltage are increasing, the trend will be a “runaway reaction.” If the supply voltage is not limited to the lamp’s rated voltage, the filament voltage, and therefore the lamp brightness will quickly increase until the filament blows, even though the current is being held constant.Because of these behaviors, it is much easier to control a lamp’s brightness by controlling the voltage across it, rather than by controlling the current through it.
What are the inputs and outputs of photosynthesis?
In a nutshell: 6 H2O + 6 CO2 + solar energy -------------> C6H12O6 + 6 O2 Biochemically: 6 CO2 + 12 NADPH + 12 H+ + 18 ATP -------------> C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + 12 NADP+ + 18 ADP + 18 Pi
Is photosynthesis a photochemical reaction?
The initial reactions in photosynthesis are photochemical, where electrons in photopigments are excited by light energy. These excited electrons are transferred to other molecules through redox reactions, and the chemical energy derived from light is ultimately used to combine carbon atoms from the environment into sugars.By far, most reactions involved in photosynthesis are redox reactions not photochemical. However, the photochemical reactions do drive the entire process. So, in that capacity, photosynthesis is a photochemical process.