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What Are The Similarities Between Uekaryotic Centromeres And Prokaryotic Centromeres

1. Which statement about eukaryotic chromosomes is not true?

1.
Which statement about eukaryotic chromosomes is not true?
A)
They sometimes consist of two chromatids.
B)
They sometimes consist only of a single chromatid.
C)
They normally possess a single centromere.
D)
They consist only of proteins.
E)
During metaphase they are visible under the light microscope.
2.
Nucleosomes
A)
are made of chromosomes.
B)
consist entirely of DNA.
C)
consist of DNA wound around a histone core.
D)
are present only during mitosis.
E)
are present only during prophase.
3.
Which statement about the cell cycle is not true?
A)
It consists of interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.
B)
The cell's DNA replicates during G1.
C)
A cell can remain in G1 for weeks or much longer.
D)
DNA is not replicated during G2.
E)
Cells enter the cell cycle as a result of internal or external signals.
4.
Which statement about mitosis is not true?
A)
A single nucleus gives rise to two identical daughter nuclei.
B)
The daughter nuclei are genetically identical to the parent nucleus.
C)
The centromeres separate at the onset of anaphase.
D)
Homologous chromosomes synapse in prophase.
E)
The centrosomes organize the microtubules of the spindle fibers.
5.
Which statement about cytokinesis is true?
A)
In animals, a cell plate forms.
B)
In plants, it is initiated by furrowing of the membrane.
C)
It follows mitosis.
D)
In plant cells, actin and myosin play an important part.
E)
It is the division of the nucleus.
6.
Presence of vesicle during cytokinesis is found in which of the following organisms (A) prokaryotes (B) plants (C) animals (D) both A and B (E) both B and C

Differences and similarities between mitosis and meiosis?

Differences:

1. a) Mitosis takes place within somatic cells (cells that make up the body).
b) Meiosis takes place within gamete cells (sex cells).

2. a) One single division of the mother cell results in two daughter cells.
b) Two divisions of the mother cell result in four meiotic products or haploid gametes.

3. a) A mitotic mother cell can either be haploid or diploid.
b) A meiotic mother cell is always diploid.

4. a) The number of chromosomes per nucleus remains the same after division.
b) The meiotic products contain a haploid (n) number of chromosomes in contrast to the (2n) number of chromosomes in mother cell.

5. a) It is preceded by a S-phase in which the amount of DNA is duplicated.
b) In meiosis, only meiosis I is preceded by a S-phase.

6. a) In mitosis, there is no pairing of homologous chromosomes.
b) During prophase I, complete pairing of all homologous chromosomes takes place.

7. a) There is no exchange of DNA (crossing-over) between chromosomes.
b) There is at least one crossing-over or DNA exchange per homologous pair of chromosomes.

8. a) The centromeres split during anaphase.
b) The centromeres do separate during anaphase II, but not during anaphase I.

9. a) The genotype of the daughter cells is identical to that of the mother cells.
b) Meiotic products differ in their genotype from the mother cell.

10. a) After mitosis, each daughter cell has exactly same DNA strands.
b) After meiosis, each daughter cell has only half of the DNA strands.

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Similarities:

1. Both Mitosis and Meiosis are forms of cell division. Meaning it takes one cell and makes it into multiple cells. The number of resulting cells depends on which process is being carried out.
2. Both Mitosis and Meiosis allow for replication. Mitosis leads to cellular replication. Meiosis leads to organism replication.
3. Both Mitosis and Meiosis occur within the nucleus of the cell and go through the same steps known as Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase.

What are the major differences between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?

The page someone provided a link to gives incorrect information.

1) It says eukaryotes are multicellular, as though there were not a myriad unicellular eukaryotes.

2) It says that prokaryotes are unicellular, but there are multicelluar prokaryotes (some cyanobacteria).

3) It says that prokaryotes have one chromosome, but there are prokaryotes with more than 1 chromosome.

4) It says that prokaryotes have circular DNA molecules, but there are prokaryotes with linear chromosomes.

5) It says that prokaryotic DNA does not wrap around proteins, which is false - while prokaryotes do not have histones, they do have basic proteins that DNA wraps around in a manner similar to DNA wrapping around histones in eukaryotes.

6) It says that for eukaryotes only plant cells have cells walls, which is false (fungi are a counterexample to their claim).


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The 2 major differences between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell are that a prokaryotic cell does not have a true nucleus, nor does it have other membrane-bounded organelles (such as mitochondria, lysosomes, etc.)

For longer list ...

1. Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus; prokaryotic cells do not (they have a nucleoid region)

2. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bounded organelles (such as mitochondria); prokaryotic cells do not

3. Eukaryotic cells (typically) have multiple, linear chromosomes; prokaryotic cells (typically) have a single, circular chromosome

4. Eukaryotic cells replicate using mitosis or meiosis (both associated with cytokinesis); prokaryotic cells replicate by binary fission (that is not mitotic).

5. Eukaryotic cells are typically larger than prokaryotic cells

6. Eukaryotic cells can undergo endocytosis and exocytosis; most prokaryotic cells cannot.



Shared, but different

7. Although both eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells can both have flagella, the two cell types have different types of flagella

8. Although both many eukaryotic cells and most prokaryotic cells can have cell walls, the biochemical makeup of the cell walls differs

Telomeres cell, prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?

It is in eukaryotic DNA. It is used to to keep the DNA strands as long as possible, because DNA is loss during each replication. This is due to eukaryotic DNA strands being linear. Prokaryotic cells have circular DNA so they don't really get cut short.

What's the difference between DNA replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

o "DNA replication in prokaryotes occurs in prokaryotes. DNA replication in eukaryotes occurs in eukaryotic cells." -- Captain Obvious 2016

o Typically, DNA in prokaryotes is circular and DNA in eukaryotes is linear.
- Being linear means eukaryotic DNA can't be replicated at one end of each strand, because the DNA polymerase takes up space ahead of where it is replicating. Circular DNA does not have this problem.
- In eukaryotes, the ends of DNA are protected by "telomere sequences." A special enzyme, telomerase, can add these sequences onto the end of the DNA that needs it. Circular DNA does not have this problem.
o A eukaryotic chromosome has many Origins of Replication, and thus twice that many replication forks at the same time. A prokaryotic DNA typically has only one Origin of Replication and thus only two replication forks.

o Eukaryotic DNA replication happens once during the cell cycle during S interphase; this results in chromosome dyads comprising two sister chromatids that are bound at the centromeres. Prokaryotic DNA is being replicated all the time, resulting in a cell having a main chromosome, a partially replicated daughter chromosome, a couple of partially replicated granddaughter chromosomes... etc.

Structures located at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes are called?

The correct answer is (D).

Does mitosis occur in prokaryotic organisms? How is it different from eukaryotic organisms?

See,Mitosis is a very complex procedure involving breakdown and reconstruction of Nuclear membrane, Arrangement of spindle and segregation of n number of chromosomes.Prokaryotes have a single chromosome and they all together lack a nucleus. Hence, a complex procedure like mitosis is not required.They undergo nucleoid division which are located bit apart in the cell and then a cytoplasmic furrow appears between these two Somewhat separared nucleoid molecules and the cell divides, procedure being called as Binary Fission.Eukaryotes undergo mitosis for somatic cell regeneration/formation which is a complex procedure and takes about 24 hrs. in humans where 23 hours go to the Interphase and Mitosis takes place in almost an hour.

What is the difference between cell division in eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

Genious - very good; however, there is one small error.

As you described, Mitosis results in 2 genetically identical daughter cells.

Meiosis, on the other hand, results in 4 genetically DIFFERENT daughter cells (gametes) due to Crossing-Over. This is the process where, before Anaphase I, chromosomes briefly fuse and exchange genetic materials. Applying this, we can understand why no two human children (except for twins, of course) look identical to their siblings. Traits may be common, but there are variations present as a result of crossing-over during Meiosis I. This can be adventitious, and this can be a disadvantage, depending on how well-suited an organism's traits are for its environment.

What are the differences between chromosomes, chromatids and chromatin?

They are all kind of form of GENETIC MATERIALS.CHROMATIN : Loose form of genetic material & the “normal state” of DNA, RNA, and Protein in the nucleus in the cells.The “Histones” in the picture are the Histone Proteins.2. CHROMOSOME : Condensed form of chromatin, as shown in the picture.Chromatin becomes chromosomes in the Prophase of Mitosis and Prophase I and Prophase II of Meiosis. It loosens again in the Telophase in Mitosis and Telophase I and Telophase II in Meiosis.(Sorry if I was making you confused, but in Meiosis, The chromatin condenses in Prophase I, goes through Metaphase I and Anaphase I and de-condenses in Telophase I. Then, in Prophase II, the chromatin condenses to be chromosomes again. Then, it goes through the Metaphase II and Anaphase II. When it is in Telophase II, the chromosomes become loosened again to be chromatins again.3. CHROMATID : Often known as “sister chromatids”, because the two sister chromatids in one chromosome are identical.One thing to not be confused, after the mitosis and meiosis, you would be able to see this picture.Anaphase and telophase in the mitosis (blue) and meiosis II (red) in the picture have only ONE strand floating around.In your mind, you might think : “How should I call that, a chromatid or a chromosome?”The answer is : it is a CHROMOSOME. (just with one strand) - If you write that as a chromatid, you would get wrong.Sorry about the LONG and not enough explanation.I saw your comment to not write it too long, because you “kinda” know it,BUT there is nothing like “kinda” knowing in the world. If you know it, you should know it very precisely and with detail. And just in case other young bloods with endless curiosity question this, I wrote it long..Thanks!

What is the difference between centriole and centrosome?

Centrosomes are structures found inside of cells. They are made from two centrioles. Centrioles are microtubule rings. The main purpose of a centrosome is to organize microtubules and provide structure for the cell, as well as work to pull chromatids apart during cell division.

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