Why is maize termed as a fruit rather than a seed?
The maize grain is a fruit in botany and that is for certain. Now let us see how it confirms to the definition of caryopsis. It is a clear botanical term used in the fruit morphology. 1) Caryopsis is a simple , dry , indehiscent fruit that develops from a superior ovary of a monocarpellary gynoecium Maize shows all these features as it IS a dry fruit and does not break open automatically on its own so INDEHISCENT fruit. It has a simple flower with a single carpel so MONOCARPELLARY gynoecium. 2) In addition to the above mentioned features. In Maize the TESTA ( seed coat or the wall of the seed ) is inseparably fused with the PERICARP ( wall of the fruit ). It is called HULL.This is the qualifying character of CARYOPSIS. This hull shows a tiny scar at the top indicating that the grain is in fact a fruit and not seed. I hope this will clear your doubt. All plants that are commonly called 'cereals' belong to Grass family or Poaceae family ( old name Gramineae family) and they show caryopsis fruit. All of them have endospermic seed and many are invaluable for man.
What are the various methods by which pathogens are disseminated (botany)?
METHODS OF DISSEMINATIONDissemination is the spread of plant pathogens within the general area in which it is established is termed as their dissemination or dispersal or transmission.Methods of disseminationDifferent methods of dissemination of the plant pathogens with in a crop season as well as to the next season after its survival are:i) Direct methodsii) Indirect methods.In direct transmission, the dispersal takes place along with the seeds and vegetative plant parts used for propagation.Indirect transmission may be active/autonomous or brought about passively by different agencies like wind, water, animals or human beings.Direct transmissionIt is further divided into:Adherent transmissionGerminative transmissionVegetative transmissionIn adherent type, the pathogen propagules are carried over the surfaces of seed or other propagative materials. Bunt of wheat caused by Tilletia foetida and T. caries is carried through the seed externally. Similarly, spores of Synchytrium endobioticum which causes potato wart and Rhizoctonia solani (the black scurf pathogen) sclerotia are adherent to potato tubers used as seeds.In germinative type, the plant pathogens are carried through the seed or other propagules internally as in case of loose smut of wheat and barley. Similarly, bean mosaic is transmitted through pollen grains and is carried in the seeds.In vegetative transmission, a large number of fungal, bacterial, viral and phytoplasmal plant pathogens are carried in the vegetative plant parts used as seeds such as tubers, cuttings, runners, grafts etc.For example, ring rot of potato caused by Clavibacter sepidonicum and Ralstonia solanacearum causing brown rot is carried through infected potato tubers to new ones.Similarly, dormant mycelium of Phytophthora infestans is carried through potato tubers. A large number of viruses, e.g., potato virus X, potato virus Y, citrus tristeza and apple mosaic virus, etc. are transmitted through their propagative parts apart from red rot and whip tail of sugarcane.Further following Link is quite informative…Transmission (Dissemination) of Bacteria
Advantages of hunting and gathering over agriculture?
* No laborious grinding of grain and baking bread * Variety of diet to get a full range of vitamins and minerals * Less need for disputes over territory, property/real estate ownership or a hierarchical society * No need to learn astronomy and meteorology or give power to priests who predict the seasons and weather * Less risk from pathogens that may transfer from animals to humans (such as flu viruses, CJD prions and tuberculosis) or diseases from city life * People with autism and people with lactose intolerance may be more successful * You don't have to share your living quarters with domestic animals, apart from hunting dogs/birds. * Sexual inequality is less common
Trip on Poppy seeds from walmart?
Are you sure you are not talking about morning glory seeds. These seeds can have effects similar to LSD if simmered and soaked in water. Not sure how easy these would be to get though. Trust me WalMart and law enforcement knows so I am sure it is regulated. But poppy seeds the kind at walmart and on chesterhamburgers are just that, cooking seeds.
Pony with laminitis feeding peanuts?
Peanuts are actually an excellent treat for laminitic horses. Peanuts are a good source of magnesium, and supplemental magnesium is recommended for insulin resistant and laminitis prone horses for its beneficial effects in glucose metabolism. In order to encourage digestion and absorption of the peanuts, I would grind them in a nut grinder before feeding them. You are not only Not harming him by feeding peanuts, but you are actually providing one of the better magnesium sources available. This makes peanuts one of the better choices as a treat. Roasted peanuts in the shell are considered best for feeding them whole. But if you buy peanuts not in the shell and don't grind them, they may not be chewed thoroughly to be absorbed and utilized as they should be,and they could conceivably become lodged in the folds of the intestine where they could form enteroliths. You can buy a manual nut grinder very inexpensively, and can also use all natural peanut butter such as Smucker's makes as small treats that can actually be of benefit. As for feeding any fruits, they are all high in soluble sugars, raisins being one of the highest among those suggested, and so they aren't recommended for laminitic horses. Add....on aflatoxins in peanuts, the US government tests all peanut crops used for consumption as human or animal feed, and any with pathogenic levels of the toxin are rejected. So, if you are in the US, only the untested products such as those found in health food stores where the products are unregulated pose a risk of significant contamination. As long as you stick with FDA regulated, food grade peanuts, they are safe to feed.
Biology sucks need answers if you answer i will be your friend?
15. pollen goes inside 16.electrical and chemical 17. i believe Myosin heads attach to actin-binding sites and pull on actin filaments no sure 18. no idea 19. invading organisms 20. sand 21.Plants produce glucose that can be broken down by cellular respiration; animals digest foods to obtain glucose for use in cellular respiration 22.biotic and abiotic 23wolves 24. i believe is is the outer space one, water comes from the atmosphere not outerspace, by clouds dont transpire plants do. 25.producers ps. whoever wrote this assignment was an idiot. I dont know what grade level this is for, but its worded horribly.
What foods should be avoided when you have seborrheic dermatitis?
1. Avoid fried foods & processed foods as they each contain hydrogenated oils. 2. It has recently been suggested that this condition may be caused by yeast, so it is also recommended to eliminate yeast and any yeast promoting foods in your diet. This would include: All sugars and sweets, which promote yeast and can make the condition worse. All foods and beverages that contain yeast such as bread and other baked goods, cheese, mushrooms, vinegar, soy sauce, fermented condiments such as olives and pickles, as well as all wines and alcoholic drinks So what do you eat? Recommendations for a nutrient-rich diet is essential for a healthy scalp and skin include: 1. Eat a diet consisting of 50 to 75 percent raw vegetables and fresh fruits, in particular, leafy green vegetables, carrots and salads, and whole grains. 2. Eat soured products such as yogurt. 3. Include essential fatty acids, such as flax seed, fish or evening primrose oils which can improve skin. 4. Daily Supplementation: Zinc 30-60mg Selenium (150-200mcg) Biotin (10mg) Folic acid (10mg), B12 (1000mcg) Beta carotene at 25,000-50,000 IU (These nutrients are necessary to form new skin cells and prevent the entry of bacteria, fungi, and pathogens into the cells.) Acidophilus Bifidus - one capsule three times a day (Promotes good bacteria) Hope this helps!