What is the term 'BUS' in the concept of microprocessor?
Something is either true or it is not. That is not subjective or open to debate. But it's not always possible for us to know what the truth is - as Tolstoy said. But he was entirely wrong when he suggested that we ought to use "humanism" etc to find out the truth...this would only get us to a place where we determine what we would like to be true, not what actually is. Science is the only way we currently have to determine what is real and what is not at the moment - and science cannot support the idea of a supernatural deity.
Architecture of 8086 microprocessor?
Whoa, that is one open-ended question. How is the term CISC (complex instruction set computer) clears up for you? Note the opposite is RISC and CISC use variable length instructions/data while it is fixed length in RISC, CISC don't mmean having more microcodes in comparison to RISC. It is all-16-bit, 8087 is the FPU that pairs up with 8086, 8088 is the weaker external-8/internal-16-bit cousin of it.
What are the different types of buses in computer architecture?
Bus is just a fancy term for a connection which helps two modules/devices/processors/controllers to communicate with each other.A typical PC has a system bus, which consists of control bus, data bus and address bus. It's simply a bundle of wires connected in clever ways for specific purposes.Control bus: to send control signals(read, write, etc .)Data bus: for data I/OAddress bus: to initiate a memory block within a specific module.But it's not that simple. A typical PC has two chipsets - northbrige and southbridge.The northbrige is directly connected to the high speed bus (PCI-ex, SCSI, main memory, AGP, etc.)The southbridge is directly connected to relatively low speed buses( PCI, SATA, USB, Ethernet, etc.)So if a hard drive with SATA port wants to communicate with the processor, it has to communicate with southbridge and then up to the northbridge and then finally to the processor.Aside from the system bus, there are also various types of external buses, which help to communicate external devices with the processor/memory. Some examples are:ISA: industry standard architecture. They were used for IBM compatible systems, not used anymore more often.PCI : peripheral component interconnect. It was developed by Intel. It is a parallel bus.PCI-ex : PCI Express. It is an advanced version of PCI. It is a high speed bus which uses serial communication rather than parallel.AGP: advanced graphics port. It was developed for a high speed communication between graphics card and the main memory directly.Other types are USB, Ethernet, SATA, PATA, etc.
What is a processor register in computer architecture?
A processor (in other words, the CPU) register is a special high speed memory location to read, write and operate on data. It is not cache memory, which is used to make main memory operations effectively quicker. See Why don't modern computers use the same CPU cache as normal ram? It's lightning fast, so why not? for a description of cache memory.Registers and main memory differenceThe difference between registers and main memory (normally), is that the CPU has most of it’s instructions operating on registers, rather than memory. It typically has instructions that read and write registers from main memory, do logical operations, mathematical operations and Jumps (the equivalent of GOTO operations), many of which that, combined with tests, make the Jumps conditional (e.g. to do the equivalent of a For loop).Why do it that way? With only a few registers (something on the order of 8 to 16), it can control where the data comes from, what is done with it and where it goes with a much smaller instruction (Opcode), since it doesn’t need to specify a memory address (which can be many bytes long itself, thus taking longer to read the instruction and read and send data to memory), but only a few bits to differentiate which register to use. And with the registers being as fast as the CPU’s main clock, there are no delays in reading or writing main memory data from the register (which it would be many clock cycles to read memory).Many CPUs (e.g. the Intel x86 CPUs used in PCs) have specialized registers, that require certain operations (e.g. multiply or divide) to use them. While programmers hate this, with good programming techniques, it’s not that much of an issue.ExceptionsA very few, generally simple CPUs, use locations in main memory as registers. This limits their speed to that of main memory, but does make the CPU simpler in design (in some respects) with instruction decoding.
What is the bus system in a computer?
A bus, in computer terms, is simply a channel over which information flows between two or more devices The PC has a hierarchy, in a way, of different buses. Most modern PCs have at least four buses.Consider them a hierarchy because each bus is to some extent further removed from the processor; each one connects to the level above it, integrating the various parts of the PC together. Each one is also generally slower than the one above it (for the pretty obvious reason that the processor is the fastest device in a modern PC): The Processor Bus: This is the highest-level bus that the chipset uses to send information to and from the processor. The Cache Bus: Higher-level architectures employ a dedicated bus for accessing the system cache. This is sometimes called a backside bus. Conventional processors using fifth-generation motherboards and chipsets have the cache connected to the standard memory bus. The Memory Bus: This is a second-level system bus that connects the memory subsystem to the chipset and the processor. The Local I/O Bus: This is a high-speed input/output bus used for connecting performance-critical peripherals to the memory, chipset, and processor. For example, video cards, disk storage devices, high-speed networks interfaces generally use a bus of this sort. The Standard I/O Bus: Connecting to the above three buses is the "good old" standard I/O bus, used for slower peripherals (mice, modems, regular sound cards, low-speed networking) and also for compatibility with older devices. The system chipset is the conductor that controls this orchestra of communication, and makes sure that every device in the system is talking properly to every other one. Some newer PCs actually use an additional "bus" that is specifically designed for graphics communications only.{actually it is technically a port}.
Explain the bus hierarchy in a computer.?
Bus Hierarchy The PC has a hierarchy, in a way, of different buses. Most modern PCs have at least four buses. I consider them a hierarchy because each bus is to some extent further removed from the processor; each one connects to the level above it, integrating the various parts of the PC together. Each one is also generally slower than the one above it (for the pretty obvious reason that the processor is the fastest device in a modern PC): The Processor Bus: This is the highest-level bus that the chipset uses to send information to and from the processor. The Cache Bus: Higher-level architectures, such as those used by the Pentium Pro and Pentium II, employ a dedicated bus for accessing the system cache. This is sometimes called a backside bus. Conventional processors using fifth-generation motherboards and chipsets have the cache connected to the standard memory bus. The Memory Bus: This is a second-level system bus that connects the memory subsystem to the chipset and the processor. In some systems the processor and memory buses are basically the same thing. The Local I/O Bus: This is a high-speed input/output bus used for connecting performance-critical peripherals to the memory, chipset, and processor. For example, video cards, disk storage devices, high-speed networks interfaces generally use a bus of this sort. The two most common local I/O buses are the VESA Local Bus (VLB) and the Peripheral Component Interconnect Bus (PCI). The Standard I/O Bus: Connecting to the above three buses is the "good old" standard I/O bus, used for slower peripherals (mice, modems, regular sound cards, low-speed networking) and also for compatibility with older devices. On almost all modern PCs this is the Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus. The system chipset is the conductor that controls this orchestra of communication, and makes sure that every device in the system is talking properly to every other one. Some newer PCs actually use an additional "bus" that is specifically designed for graphics communications only. The word "bus" is in quotes because it isn't actually a bus, it's a port: the Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP). The distinction between a bus and port is that a bus is generally designed for multiple devices to share the medium, while a port is only for two devices.
What is buses in computer language?
Actually, bus concept not comes under computer languages. It comes in computer architectures part. The purpose of Bus is to transfer data from one place to another place. Mainly between memory and peripherals. In below image, slots in yellow color are called buses. buses are two types internal and external. Internal bus are the used to connect all the components within the board and it's also called as local bus. external bus are used to connect to the external devices to the computer such has printers, joy sticks, etc,.Hope you understand. If not just comment will explain you.
What's a usb connection?
* USB 1.1 is only 8mbps (megabits per second) * USB 2.0 is around 400mbps * Ethernet is between 10 and 100mbps, depending on the hardware at both ends of the cable. One advantage of ethernet is that it provides a more constant data stream, and requires less processing power by the computer. To be more specific about your problem - it's extremely unlikely to be caused by the speed of either connection. Perhaps you have too many USB devices plugged in simultaneously, or the modem might not be as compatible as the previous modem. If I were you, I'd get something like a DSL router (Netgear or Linksys do them for about £20), as these are far more reliable than the little USB modems, and take the processing power off your computer.
What are the configuration datails to be noted before buying a laptop ?? what is cache memory? bus speed?
A CPU cache is a cache used by the central processing unit of a computer to reduce the average time to access memory. The cache is a smaller, faster memory which stores copies of the data from the most frequently used main memory locations. As long as most memory accesses are to cached memory locations, the average latency of memory accesses will be closer to the cache latency than to the latency of main memory. When the processor wishes to read from or write to a location in main memory, it first checks whether a copy of that data is in the cache. If so, the processor immediately reads from or writes to the cache, which is much faster than reading from or writing to main memory. In computer architecture, a bus is a subsystem that transfers data between computer components inside a computer or between computers. Unlike a point-to-point connection, a bus can logically connect several peripherals over the same set of wires. Each bus defines its set of connectors to physically plug devices, cards or cables together. Early computer buses were literally parallel electrical buses with multiple connections, but the term is now used for any physical arrangement that provides the same logical functionality as a parallel electrical bus. Modern computer buses can use both parallel and bit-serial connections, and can be wired in either a multidrop (electrical parallel) or daisy chain topology, or connected by switched hubs, as in the case of USB. and take the latest available configurationed Laptop.. ie.1gb ram , dvd writer , inter or amd core 2 duo ,
What is the function of an address bus and a data bus in a microprocessor 8085?
In very short, Address and Data buses are used for memory and I/O operations to store or read the data. To select either memory or an I/O device we need the control lines like IO/~M and to select either writing or reading operation (but not both at the same time) we need ~RD and ~WR signals. (Note that the controls lines’ notations may differ from processor to processor. Also, see memory interfacing with the processor you are studying and its timing diagrams for better understanding of the concept.)Here, we consider the example of memory since the function of Address and Data lines can be best understood by this e.g.Memory is required to store our logic inside it which is read and performed by the processor.Let’s say we have a 64 KB of memory (denoted by 64K x 8). This means we have in all 64 K (65536) locations that can store 1 B (8 bits) each. Now let us interface this memory with 8085 which has 16 address lines and 8 data lines.Now on 16 address lines we can have in all 16 bit combinations. 16 bit combinations can in all be 65536 i.e. 64 K. Now these 16 lines are sufficient for a 64 KB memory as each combination can uniquely select one memory location. (Think of a Multiplexer’s select lines selecting one out of ‘n’ inputs.)A unique location is now selected which has 8 more locations (1 memory locations has 1 byte of storage) where data has to be read from or written into. So the 8 data lines are now used to write to or read from these 8 locations. Do not get confused about why we are not taking only 3 data lines for 8 locations like we did earlier in case of address lines. This is because previously we just needed to select a location but now we have to write to or read from each individual location. This requires 8 individual buses from where 8 unique bits will be transferred to or from processor. This is the function of the data bus.Hope this helps :)