Macromolecules carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids?
carbohydrates: FUNCTION: energy BASIC UNIT: monosaccharide COMPLEX UNIT: polysaccharide lipids FUNCTION: energy BASIC UNIT: fatty acids COMPLEX UNIT: triglycerides proteins FUNCTION: build cells and regulate growth BASIC UNIT: amino acid COMPLEX UNIT: polypeptides nucleic acids FUNCTION: contains genetic code BASIC UNIT: nucleotides COMPLEX UNIT: DNA or RNA
Testing for Macromolecules Lab (glucose, starch, lipids, proteins)!?
Blood glucose is regulated by insulin. When it is too high, the patient will "dump" the excess glucose in the urine. If high glucose levels are found in the urine it could be an indication that other tests need to be done to determine for sure if the patient has diabetes. High lipid levels often lead to deposits of lipids in blood vessels and these can clog the arteries. A clogged artery in the heart is a heart attack and one in the brain is a stroke. Thus finding out who has high lipid levels is important to prevent those occurances. Drugs and diet can help. Finally, finding protein in the urine suggests some major kidney problem such as infection or damage from another cause or even high blood pressure - all of which need to be followed up to see if there is some type of underlying disease not described by the patient on the basis of symptoms. Thus the simple measure of getting a blood test for glucose and lipids and a urine test during your annual physical can tell your doctor a lot about diseases you may have that you don't even know you have. Another common test at annual physical time is a blood count to make sure you have enough red cells and hemoglobin for oxygen, platelets for clotting and white cells for fighting infections. Hope that answers your questions!
Pure starch is a white, tasteless and odorless powder that is insoluble in cold water or alcohol. It consists of two types of molecules: the linear and helical amylose and the branched amylopectin. Depending on the plant, starch generally contains 20 to 25% amylose and 75 to 80% amylopectin by weight.[3]Glycogen, the glucose store of animals, is a more branched version of amylopectin.This is from wikipedia - you could try going directly to it.
FAT.Of all the major macromolecules, fat has the highest energy potential given that it provides 9 calories per gram. Protein and carbohydrates provide 4 calories per gram each. However, it is not very efficient for the body to store, manage, and convert fat into energy, this is where carbohydrates come in. Carbohydrates are our main source of energy given that it is readily available in our diet and easier to digest and process. Once digested from food, it can be broken down to glucose and released to the bloodstream ready for glycolysis (breakdown of glucose to pyruvate, releasing ATP). It can also be stored as glycogen in our muscles and the liver, ready for breakdown to glucose when needed.
Macromolecules (Carbohydrates and Lipids)?
2. carbohydrates would probably enter quickest because they are often simple sugars like glucose or polymers of glucose. it is easier to break them down. i would assume that lipids are more likely to be repelled from the blood since lipids are hydrophobic and blood is mostly plasma/ water. proteins need to be broken down into amino acids before they can be used. 3. carbohydrates are essentially sugar that is converted into energy stored in ATP via cell respiration. 4. a. cellulose b. very common. it constitutes about 1/3 of plant matter and gives plants their texture. perhaps one of the most abundant on earth. 5. a. alpha cellulose can be digested by animals (with bacteria and enzymes) while beta cannot. plant walls are made of beta cellulose; that's why we do not eat wood. 11. a. glycogen and fat b. starch
Testing for Lipids, Proteins, Sugar, and Starch...?
Okay so in Biology we did a lab to test for the presence of certain macromolecules. The teacher gave us 3 unknown substances and we had to test whether they were a lipid, sugar, protein, or starch. To do this we applied Sudan IV solution, iodine solution , biuret solution, and benedict's solution to all three unknown substances. Now the teacher wants us to determine what these unknown substances are made of in terms of macromolecules, but I am having trouble figuring them out... Substance B turned orange with benedict, purple with biuret, and red with sudan IV. Does this mean that Unknown substance B is a mixture of lipids, protein, and sugar? ANY HELP WOULD BE APPRECIATED :)
What are examples of macromolecules?
Carbohydrates: monosaccharides, dissaccharides and polysaccharides. here are examples of those: Monosaccharides - glucose, fructose, galactose Dissaccharides - two monosaccharides such as: sucrose = glucose + fructose maltose = glucose + glucose lactose = glucose + galactose Polysaccharides: many monosaccharides Lipids: Fats, Oils, Waxes, Phospholipids, Steroids, Triglycerides Proteins: proteins are enzymes and amino acids Nucleic Acid: Nucleotides, DNA, RNA A monomer is one of the subunits of polymers. So imagine a string of pearls. Each pearl is a monomer.
carbohydrates or polysaccharides…-complex carbs: starch (wheat, bread, pasta)-simple carbs: sugars (glucose, fructose, lactose)the monomer of a carbohydrate is the… monosaccharide (sugar)ex. bread, cereal, potatoes, fruits, pastathink of burning gasoline when referring to carbohydrates!lipids…the monomer of a lipid is glycerol and (3) fatty acidsex. butter, 0il, cholesterolthink of burning wood when referring to lipids!proteins…the monomer of protein is an amino acidpeptide bond link amino acids togetherex. beef, hair, eggs, musclesnucleic acids…the monomer of a nucleic acid is the nucleotidenucleotides are made of sugar, phosphate, and a baseex. rna and dnaIMPORTANT NOTE:Carbohydrates; CHOLipids; CHOProteins; CHONNucleic Acids; CHONPC: carbonH: hydrogenO: oxygenN: nitrogenP: phosphorus
Macromolecules are large molecules that are composed of smaller units. Carbohydrates are the most abundant macromolecules on earth which are formed by polymers of simple sugar molecules.Simple sugars are called monosaccharides. These can be joined to form polysaccharides . (Glucose is an important monosaccharide). Sucrose, a disaccharide (consisting of two monosaccharides), is table sugar.Polysaccharides may be made from thousands of simple sugars linked together. These large molecules may be used for storage of energy or for structure. First a couple of storage examples:Starch is a storage polysaccharide of plants. Its is a giant string of glucoses. The plant can utilize the energy in starch by first hydrolyzing it, making the glucose available. Most animals can also hydrolyze starch. That's why we eat it.Animals store glycogen as a supply of glucose. It is stored in the liver and muscles. Provide energy to the body in fasting.some examples of structural carbohydrates:Cellulose is a polysaccharide produced by plants. Its is a component of the cell walls. provide rigidity to the plant cell and protect plant cell structure.Chitin is an important polysaccharide used to make the exoskeletons of arthropods.
carbohydrates, Lipids, proteins and nucleic acid are 4 major biomolecules which forms the living system. in terms of their solubility, which depends on their composition of basic elememts which are made up of likes of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, Phosphate, oxygen and sulphur.carbohydrates: Simple carbohydrates are generally water soluble example Sucrose (table sugar), Glucose ( rice), fructose (fruit sugar), maltose (malt) etc. in their monomer and dimer forms all sugars are water soluble. if sugar units in their ring structure (Howerth ring structure), are attached to lipids they are insoluble mainly because they are attached to lipids.Lipids: they are known water insoluble biomolecules (for full details regarding lipids study my previous answer: what are the building blocks of the lipids).Proteins: Proteins are of two major classes one is globular plasma soluble proteins which are made up of polar, polar charged, basic and acidic aminoacids, hence they are water soluble and these proteins have physiological functions. Example-Albumin, Immnoglobulin, Bovine serum albumin,casien etc. Another class is the tough, elastic fibers which are water insoluble mainly because they are made up of non polar aminoacids which donot soluble in waters. there nonpolar proteins have structure functions. Example- fibrin, nectin etcNucleic acids: Nucliec acids are hereditary materials which are DNA (Deoxyribose Nucleic acids) and RNA (Ribosugar nucleic acids). the structural building bloch of Both DNA and RNA are nucleiotides which are made up of 3 components. one is a purin or pyramidine ring , a 5 carbon sugar and a phosphate group. since Both DNA and RNA has Phosphate groups on the backbone which is extendend outward from the main chain and since they are ionised having charges they contribute their water solubility. nucliec acids are completely water soluble.