Atom Bonding Question?
The gentleman who answered above me is incorrect, and you are right. Water does have two lone pairs. Now to try and answer your question. The difference between lone pairs and bonds is obviously that lone pairs are not involved in a bond (think of it as a bridge) with another molecule. Also, it is usually the case that a bond (which contains two electrons) is composed of one electron from one molecule and another electron from the other molecule, though that is not always the case. Whether or not the electron pair is in a bond or serving as a lone pair, it should not affect the electron configuration. Taking your water example, bonds and lone pairs reject each other equally, so the molecule adopts what is called a tetrahedral formation, since it has four components coming off the Oxygen (2 bonds and 2 lone pairs) If you don't know what a tetrahedral conformation is, think of a four sided pyramid with the oxygen in the middle and each electron component (bond or lone pair) pointing toward a corner. It would not matter which component is pointing to which corner, because they would all be about 109 degrees apart. Now if one of those lone pairs on the oxygen in your water example formed a double bond with one of the hydrogens (which breaks many rules of chemistry, but it's just an example) now you would have 3 components coming off the oxygen (1 single bond, 1 double bond, 1 electron pair) and they would adopt a trigonal planar (2-D triangle) conformation around the oxygen and would each be 120 degrees apart. So in your CH2Cl2, you have a central Carbon with four bonds coming off it. One to each Hydrogen and one to eadch Chlorine. Since that makes four components, the Hydrogens and Chlorines will again adopt a tetrahedral conformation around the Carbon. Each bond will repel the others equally and the angular difference will be around 109.5 degrees. It does not matter where the chlorines or hydrogens are since they will be an equal distance apart in any configuration. It's hard to think of this concept in three dimensions while you have to draw it in two dimensions, but it gets pretty easy with practice.
Describe how the subatomic particles in each atom interact to form these forces.?
electrostatic - For like charges (+,+) or (-,-), this force is always repulsive. For unlike charges (+,-), this force is always attractive. Charge-Dipole Forces - these occur when the positive or negative area of a molecule is attracted to/by the negative or positive ion, respectively. for example, NaCl(s) crystals form because of the strong electronegative Cl- attracted to the Na+ of a second molecule. Na-Cl-Na-Cl, etc. Dipole-Dipole forces exist between neutral polar molecules. in an atom where the electrons are flying every which way, there will be a point in time where a majority of the electrons will be on one side of the molecule, which will attract and momentarily bind with the area of a second molecule where the majority of electrons are not present. these fluctuations in charge are not permanent and are fleeting in existence. london dispersion forces come from the distortion of the charge cloud induced by the presence of another molecule nearby. The distortion in the first molecule comes from the electric field produced by the charge distribution of the second molecule that is close. These forces are always attractive but are in general shorter ranged than electrostatic forces. these are called . Hydrogen bonds are intermolecular forces that occur bewteen the H of one molecule and the highly electronegative element of the second molecule if that element possesses a lone pair of electrons.
What are the top tourists spots in Hong Kong?
The Peak! You get an awesome view from there. The night market is nice for some cheap shopping. Causeway bay is great for shopping and a sight in itself. Stanley beach. Ok beach and a nice market. Ocean park. Great rides and aquariums. Hong Kong Disneyland is really cute if you are into that sort of thing...
A Fitness Question?
I don't know about the whey protein but I own a Total Gym as well. Watch the John Carleo 6-8 minute workout video if you can for good exercises. Some suggestions: Chest flys (low medium and high) the Chuck Norris (lay on board and bring your arms straight over your head) Tricept extensions angel (or iron cross) Waist twist (good for obliques and shoulders)
Why do ionic compounds tend to have a higher melting point than molecular compounds?
I am not sure, but i think it has something to do with the energy and forces that must be overcome to melt these 2 types of compounds, but i am not sure. Can anyone tell me why ionic compounds tend to have a higher melting point than molecular compounds: