Explain the development of social darwinism?
Social darwinism is a term for several late 19th century ideologies which exploited ideas of survival of the fittest and notions of the struggle for existence being used to justify social policies which showed no sympathy for those unwilling to support themselves. Competition between individuals in free market capitalism and struggle between national and racial groups were prominent and still exist in America. Th idea was popularized around 1944 by American historian Richard Hofstadter. Before Hofstadter the term 'social Darwinism' was rare. In sociology is has been defined as a theory of social evolution which asserts "There are underlying, and largely irresistible forces that operate in animal and plant communities. One can then formulate social laws similar to natural ones. These social forces are of such a kind as to produce evolutionary progress through the natural conflicts between social groups. The best-adapted and most successful social groups survive these conflicts, raising the evolutionary level of society generally ("survival of the fittest" - a term coined by sociologist Herbert Spencer). Social reforms brought about by Winston Churchill and David Lloyd George according to the Rowntree Report after the 1906 electioin. The report detailed poor people and that although they tried hard to lift themselves out of their poverty, it was nearly always impossible. This began to change the prevalent social view that the poor were lazy and stupid, and new policies were mande concerning the 'Deserving Poor." These social reforms earned the Liberal Party the title 'Fathers of the Welfare State' and were due largely to the implementation of social darwinist philosophies. Critics frequently link evolution, Charles Darwin, Darwinism with racialism, nationalism, imperialism and eugenics, contending that social Darwinism became one of the pillars of Fascism and Nazi ideology, and that consequences are found in Nazi Germany's 'survival of the fittest' policies
What are some brands which are owned by two different (or more) companies in various parts of the world?
Hello.. Very first, not a single brand is owned by two company. I mean by your example Kit Kat (owned by hershey and nestle as mentioned). Here KitKat was originally produced by Rowntree company of York England. As it was gaining fame and success, it began to export to various countries and expand its market. Rowntree created distribution factory in germany to meets europe demand and established distribution agreement for USA through Hershey company and for Japan through Fujiya company. This agreement was made in 1970 while Nestle acquired Rowntree in 1988 and does have to honour the agreement signed between them and grant license right to hershey to produce KitKat for US market. so we can see KitKat is owned by Nestle across world. Its just license given to hershey to produce and distribute same in US Market ONLY.Haagen Dazs (General Mills and Nestle). there is history behind same. Haagen Dazs was bought by Pillsbury and later on General Mills bought Pillsbury. However Nestle subsidiary was producing Haagen Dazs products and acquired rights for this product as a part of Pillsbury - General Mills Deal.. so this brand is belong to one company and not to all.. As Right been acquired and was produced by Nestle company only...by clearing your question. hope your question too might get cleared.there are so many example of co-branding but not of single brand name owned by two different companies...
Define and describe the Industrial Revolution. What were its key features?
The key features of the industrial revolution are: 1) Factories, where goods were made. This innovation eventually replaced bespoke manufacture by artisans, by smiths and by weavers. 2) Urbanisation. Slowly, at first, people began to move to the towns and cities, for work. Then, with the coming of the railways, people could commute to work - suburbia was born. 3) Dirt, smoke and pollution. Factory owners did not care, or know about, the harmful effects of their industries - cities turned black from the soot of so many chimneys, and "pea-souper" fogs (a mix of soot, industrial smoke and fog) were so thick that people could not see their hands in front of their faces. 4) Child labour and harsh working conditions. Children were cheap and small - their hands could fit in gaps that adult hands couldn't. If a person got injured - tough - they were out, and possibly could never work again. What changed British society was a mixture of rapid industrialisation, urbanisation combined with the charitable, socialist or Christian ideals of people like Seebohm Rowntree, Dr Barnardo, Edwin Chadwick, George Peabody, William Booth and John Snow and Charles Dickens (and many others) - all of whom sought to alleviate the suffering of working and poor people - some sought to change Britain through charity, some through legislation, some through scientific ideas and breakthroughs. This led, directly, to the Welfare state, and to the Britain we have today.