Please can someone explain simply what pseudo zero order is?
imagine this reaction .. 1 A + 1 B --> 1 C + 1 D and the rate equation looks like this .. rate = k x [A] x [B]^m now imagine if [A] = [B] = 0.1M .. since the coefficients of the equation are 1:1 .. for every 1 A consumed we consume 1 B .. and they both drop by the same amount .. and neither is "constant" during the reaction... both vary.. now imagine [A] = 0.1M and [B] = 50.0M .. if [A] changes from 0.1M to 0.05M, .. .. [B] would change from 50.0M to 49.5M ... .... ..and would appear to be nearly constant .. so that the rate would appear to be independent .. .. of [B]... in which case "m" would appear to =0 so.. .. it's pseudo zero order IF the concentration of one component .. is so much larger than the other that it appears to not change .. during the reaction. ********* for your reaction, .. rate = k x [I2]^0 x [H+]^n x [drug]^m we would expect "n" and "m" to be constant during the reaction.. the concentrations of the drug will change as the reaction proceeds. if H+ was held constant, it will have an order of zero. if H+ was a catalyst, it will have an order of zero ****** do you have a dataset you can share? ****** ****** it's a formatting problem with YA.. you have to leave a space between the numbers 30 1.04x10-6 1.07x10-6 1.09x10-6 8.94x10… is truncated and ended with "..." but if you do this 30 1.04x10^-6 1.07x10-6 1.09x10^-6 8.94x10^-7 leaving 1 space between the numbers, it shows up also you could write 30 1.04e-6 1.07e-6 1.09e-6 8.94e-7 or even... "everything is x10^-6 30, 1.04, 1.07, 1.09, 0.894.. etc that out of the way.. what is the data? is it this? .. .. ... ...[H+].. .. ...[H+].. .. ..[H+].... .. ..[H+]... .. ..[H+] time.... trial#1... ..trial#2... .trial#3.. . ..trial#4.. .. trial#5. .30.. ..1.04e-6.. .1.07e-6. . 1.09e-6 .. 8.94e-7... ..??? .60.. ..1.02e-6.. .1.05e-6. . 1.05e-6 .. 8.23e-7... ..??? etc?
I don't understand the Ames Test can someone please simply explain it for me?
The Ames Test is a test for whether a chemical or product causes mutations in DNA and uses this as an indicator of whether it would cause cancer in humans. The Ames test involves bacteria with a mutated gene for producing an essential amino acid. These bacteria can't produce the amino acid, so if they can't get it from their environment, they won't be able to reproduce and will eventually die. The bacteria are cultured on four plates; one with plentiful amino acid, one with no amino acid, one with plentiful amino acid and the chemical being tested, one with no amino acid and the chemical being tested. The only plate that really matters here is the one with no amino acid and the chemical. Since the bacteria can't make their own amino acid and the plate has none on it, the bacteria should die out within a couple of reproduction cycles and not be able to form colonies. If the chemical being tested causes mutations in DNA, however, some of the bacteria will get their genes reverted to a state that can produce amino acid and will survive. These will spread and form colonies, so if the test results in visible colonies of bacteria, the chemical being tested is probably a mutagen. Mutations are a common cause of cancer, so the chemical is probably not good for humans.
Can someone please explain in simple terms the enron scandal. a summary of what went down?
So the executives of the company knew that the company was going under. They lied to all of their employees and encouraged them to buy more enron stock. As a result, a huge number of families had their life savings in enron stocks. The executives SOLD their stock just before the stock price crashed. The executives, because they sold the stock when the value was high, made billions collectively. After they sold their stock, the price crashed, and the families lost out. They could not have told the families that the company was going bankrupt, or the stock would have crashed sooner, and the executives would have lost their money. The price of the stock went from 90.00 a share, to about .02 cents a share. That means that if you had $90,000 in enron stocks before the crash, you would end up with just $20.00 after the crash. People who worked for Enron lost everything, including their homes. The enron executives who knew the crash was coming and sold their stock quickly and quietly, stayed rich.
Can someone please explain phenomenology in very simple terms?
"Phenomenology, a 20th century philosophical movement dedicated to describing the structures of experience as they present themselves to consciousness, without recourse to theory, deduction, or assumptions from other disciplines such as the natural sciences. ... What Husserl discovered when he contemplated the content of his mind were such acts as remembering, desiring, and perceiving, in addition to the abstract content of these acts, which Husserl called meanings. These meanings, he claimed, enabled an act to be directed toward an object under a certain aspect; and such directedness, called intentionality, he held to be the essence of consciousness. " "Literally, phenomenology is the study of “phenomena”: appearances of things, or things as they appear in our experience, or the ways we experience things, thus the meanings things have in our experience. Phenomenology studies conscious experience as experienced from the subjective or first person point of view." Here are some sources to read up on it. http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_7615... en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenomenology http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/phenom... www.phenomenologycenter.org/phenom.htm
Can someone simply explain the Big Bang theory to me?
I understand you. Well let me explain: When, in 1920s, Edwin Hubble saw that millions of galaxies ,far away from our own galaxy, the Milky Way (I hope you know what is a galaxy), are going away from ours and that, according to calculation, our galaxy was also moving, he thought that if we reverse time, then we will find the Universe shrinking. Think of a balloon. If you inflate it, it will grow big from a shrinked balloon to an inflated one. Now reverse time (in your mind) and the inflated one will be shrinking. Therefore, he concluded, that there was a time when the whole Universe we see, was shrinked to a point. From that, the whole Universe inflated. When we calculated the speed of the galaxies that were going away from ours(it was very very very painstaking), we found that nearly 13.8 billion years ago, the whole Universe should have been a very very small ball of hot glowing gases. Then there was a blast, and the Universe inflated. Now there comes several questions that cosmologists are working out- 1. What is there beyond our Universe within which our Universe is inflating/expanding. 2. According to theory of gravity, the gravity at the point when the Universe was so small should have been very large, and so the ball should have instantly blasted. 3. Most important- Where did the hot ball come from. From nothing? 4.How did the galaxies, planets, stars, then on Earth-several life forms, Humans come to exist. Don't think this is a flawed theory. We have convenient answers to all the above questions. But they will be too technical for you. If you study Chemistry, Physics , Biology and Mathematics, I will then be able to tell you. Sorry for that. Well, honestly, The 3rd question still really has no answer. This is the reason why Christians get the opportunity to mock at this theory of Big Bang. But don't worry. We hope to get the answers soon just like we have found answers to several questions in the past, SCIENTIFICALLY. Till then, you can (and have the freedom) to keep your belief in God. And yes, there are several experiments going on on this theory. I hope you can understand how complex is this question of Creation of Universe. You can check out the website of CERN to know about the experiments.
Can someone explain a 401K plan in lame,simple terms?
The above responses have some very good points. There is no one that will be more interested in your financial situation than you, that is why you should have a basic understanding of options available. 401K option should be one of the best options you can find. Take advantage of it to the greatest degree you can. Depending upon the options that your company has set up, you should have a number of investment options from conservative to more risky. Find out about all of the options and diversify (spread out your risk) amongst 3 or 4 of the options. Talk to the benefits guy or even better the financial guy that is making his commissions on this. None of your questions are stupid, and don't let any of these people make you feel stupid. They should be able to explain it to you so that you can understand the basics. Your company has gone out of its way to provide a way for you to save for retirement. This IS a BENEFIT. Take advantage of it. The money in that account is YOURS. Even in conservative investments your return will be better than Social Security. YOU pick out the types of investments (stocks, bonds, money market, etc) that you are comfortable with. The people who invest your money do so according to a broad set of objectives that are predefined. Most of your money will go into some sort of Mutual fund. There should be some history of how well they have done in the past (and that doesn't guarantee how well they will do going forward). Ask your benefits person and / or the sales rep to give you more details. Once again, don't let them make you feel small or stupid if you ask a lot of basic questions. Even if you can't afford to max out your investment, do something to get it going (even $25 / month) and add to it every chance you get. You have a very good opportunity here, take advantage of it, thank your employer for making this available to you and remember YOU are the one most interested in your financial future. Finally, there will be some periods of time that your investment loses money, but over the long term it will go up.
How can Interstellar be explained in simple layman's terms?
OK so here are some of the concepts explained in simple terms (IMO):Intergalactic space travel: Exploration of life outside of our planet earth and also outside the periphery of our solar system or outside the boundaries of the planet that revolve around the sun.Time relativity: Due to different gravity at different places in space , time may wary from place to place. For e.g., a day at earth is 24 hours but a similar day at the "Mann" planet of interstellar is 67 hours. It all depends on the gravitational pull. Wormhole: Simply put its a short cut between two different locations in space. Kind of a tunnel that reduces the time and distance required for the travel. Blackhole: It is a region where gravity is so strong that it even prevents anything and everything from escaping for e.g. light. Hence, black hole. Rotation of the mothership (space station where they dock there aircraft) - Human bodies are used to gravity, so to have a similar exposure during long space travels. The ship is made to rotate at a speed to achieve a desired level of gravity (read through centrifugal force). Hope this helps.
Can someone explain Theory Theory of Mind in terms that I can understand?
Brain !!! the computer that controls all of our emotions not matter how small,the mind is filled with chemicals of different kinds each one of the chemicals in the mind help operate different parts of body. they help deliver electrical impulses that the body needs to function properly ,if some of these chemicals are depleted for any reason we begin to feel these shortages of chemicals in different ways. look up hormones and its depletion in the human body ? better yet look up Estrogen for women ? look up Testosterone for men ? and there are many others that i have not mentioned, when there is an in balance of these in the human mind the results a problems with your body. serotonin is one of the major chemicals that helps reduce stress but if there is not enough of it then the the persons doesn't handle stress well at all. the mind is very complicated and it is best that you that you tare it down and study its each one of its chemical make-up's separately, this will hep you much more than me saying ny more on this subject.
Is the quote by Einstein - "If you can't explain it simply, you don't understand it well enough" psychologically true? Is there some other reason for not being able to explain things clearly?
Thank you Karan for the request!This is one of the famous quote of Einstein and i live by it. Yes, it is psychologically true. You might have experienced it in your life.Because, i have observed and experienced it well enough during my education when there were brilliant teachers around me who gave amazing results but when it comes to understanding something from the perspective of someone who just can’t get it,they miserably failed.Instead of trying to understand where Person A is having a difficulty and simplifying it according to his level of understanding if the teacher dissed him for not getting the concept is fault on the part of teacher NOT student.And what are the qualities possessed by who is good at making people understand anything?Clarity- if i just know the concept from the surface,not in depth then i will be beating around the bush stating the same fact.Having faced similer difficulty in those areas- if i have faced difficulty in xyz areas while learning then i would be well aware of them and i would explain it in different ways.Trying different methods of learning -Psychology has defined different types of learners, some can be visual, practical, audio-visual, kinesthetic etc. People have different sense modalities with which they understand and receive things well. If i am a visual person and a teacher is explaining me a concept in theoretical terms , definitely i am going to have hard time getting it. If the same thing is done by showing me a picture and talking about it, that will be imprinted in my mind for long.Following step by step- when trying to explain a concept,it is similer to building a foundation. If the foundation is not strong ,the building will fall.There is also a similer quote, if you can’t make a 5 year old understand, you don’t understand it yourself.The other reasons can beLack of experience.Not having the qualities of a teacher(there are some people who are so learned but cannot simply explain what they know.)Disinterest in the subject or area.I hope this answers your question well.-Priya Verma
How can I convince someone that 'soul' simply does not exist?
First, tell me what makes you soooooooo sure that soul doesn't exist? I do not really believe in a soul, but I don't go around saying that there can be nothing called soul. Why? Because Science is still in its infancy to tell such things! Neuroscience, AI, have just started a few decades ago. It has still a lot to discover and answer.Moreover, the soul has two major problems: the philosophy of consciousness and mind.Without the concept of soul, believe me or not, it is still very hard to explain consciousness and mind just with neural networks and Neurochemistry. It poses major philosophical problems like Searle's Chinese Room, and philosophical zombie. And without philosophical analysis, Science cannot claim about topics like consciousness and mind, since Science has a narrow scope of approach of Empiricism only. Moreover, it is a reductionist view, which is not supported by many.You have to understand the limitations of claims of Science. Until and unless the Human Brain and Blue Brain project is complete, we cannot say anything much. Therefore, it is better if we keep our beliefs to ourselves, since we also cannot prove that soul doesn't exist, because we cannot explain many things yet.