How are keywords different from identifiers?
Key Differences Between Keyword and IdentifierKeywords are used to recognize the type/kind of entity and identifier is used to uniquely name that entity. For example, if we write ‘int number’, where ‘int’ is a keyword and ‘number’ is an identifier, i.e., this statement clearly defines that we define an entity ‘number’ which is of type int(integer).Keywords are distinct they are not further classified. Whereas, if identifiers are involved in an external link process, i.e. if it include function names and global variable that are shared between files, then it is called ‘external names’, while they are not used in external link process and include the name of local variable, then it is called ‘internal names’.The identifier can never be same as keywords, and the name of functions that are in C++ library.Keywords defined in C++ library does not contain any symbol whereas, when you declare any identifier you can only use underscore but not any other symbol.A keyword always starts with a lower case, but, an identifier can either start with an upper case or a lower case.Hope you’ll get your answer.Thank you!!!
What is the difference between a high-level and low-level language?
We humans communicate with different languages. But how the computers communicate..? Do they use english,Tamil,Hindi, Telugu etc .., to communicate…? Absolutely a big NO . It knows only 0′s and 1′s . Computers can understand the instructions that are composed of 0′s and 1′s . Instructions given to the computer in 0’s and 1’s is known as binary language( also known as machine language).Then, as the programmers found writing code in binary language seems to be difficult, then they used a English like words to write a program. This language is known as assembly language.These two , machine level language and the assembly level language together considered as the low level languages.The programming languages which are machine independent and are written in a English language is known as the high level languages . some of the examples of high level language are c, c++,java…etcThese high level languages will be converted into a machine readable form by a compiler or interpreter.DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE HIGH AND THE LOW LEVEL LANGUAGE:Low level language is machine readable form of program. Whereas the high level language will be in human readable form..Low level language are difficult to write and compile but high level languages are easy to write as well as compile..Low level language are compact and require less memory space.. High level language uses compilers and interpreters which requires large memory space.In high level language debugging ( troubleshooting) .I.e. Finding and correcting errors are easier whereas debugging in the low level language is quite difficult.low level language coding and compiling is time consuming process whereas high level language coding and compiling is much easy and takes veryless time to compile.thanks for reading..:)All the best:)Keerthana Pandiyan..:)
What is the difference between a VLSI frontend engineer and Backend engineer and who has more bright future?
The process of modern Integrated circuit design consist of two parts front end design and back end designWORK OF FRONTEND ENGINEER:1. RTL coding: with help of high level HDL coding (VHDL or verilog ) he designs the architecture of the chip, a basic skeleton of circuit. It is similar to design a pipeline to circulate the flow of water.2.synthesis: synthesis transforms high level verilog/vhdl constructs, which don't have real physical hardware that can be wired up to do your logic, into low level logical constructs which can be literally modeled in the form of transistor logic or look-up tables or other FPGA or ASIC hardware components.3. verification: HDL model is then verified for Functional correctness using different Verification methodologies and refined until the HDL model is proved to be meeting the specifications.WORK OF BACK END ENGINEER: he deals with further manufacturing and fabrication process. There he fabricates designs onto silicon dies which are then packaged into ICs.floorplanning and power planing: the physical design process starts with floor planning. Where engineer actually works with the core level circuit. He decides where to place basic blocks and how to route them,what is power requirements of the circuit and how to utilities it efficiently.placement: To locate the basic components and efficiently eliminating any timing constraints.clock tree synthesis: As the circuit may use multiple clock sources such as PLLs, oscillators etc. so a proper synchronization must be provided.physical verification: After completing the routing process. It is needed to inspect the process output, physical verification tools are needed to look for signoff LVS and DRC checks.Which one has future:Well it totally depends on what are you good at,because there are many fields in vlsi chip design in which core knowledge is required.Still for a long run, to work in back end will give a more challenging and exciting opportunity to know what is actually going on in the chip inside. Talented back end engineers are in very good demand ,For coming decade it will generate an exciting opportunity to build a good career.
For Assamese people, what is the significance of the two lions at the gate of a 'Namghar'?
I will answer the question in three parts, and all three are equally justified conclusionsThe first theory is the one that I have heard from my parents and other family members. Mahapurush Srimanta Sankardeva spent a great number of years in Odisha the details of which are found in the “Oresa Barnana” section of “Kirtan Ghosha.”In any case, it is said that Sankardeva was greatly influenced by the Hindu deity Lord Jagannath and the teachings of the Bhakti Movement [1] . It is hence deduced that the great saint was inspired by the architecture of the Jagannath Temple, Puri and the Singhaduar (Lionsgate) situated in the temple premises. Although the architecture found in Assamese Naamghars and Satras are not completely identical to the one in Jagannath Temple, this is still a popular belief. There are a lot of other similarities also between Jagannath Temple and Satras and Naamghars, one of the chief being the Manikut(Jewel Hut) which is not only a feature of Jagannath Temple but of many Vaishnava Temples [2]Singhaduar at the Jagannath Temple, PuriHere are a few images from some of the famous Satras of AssamDakhin Pat Satra, Majuli, AssamGarmur Satra, Majuli, AssamAuniati Satra, Majuli, Assam2. One can easily see that the lion motifs are not similar in all the pictures. The lion atop elephant motif is more prominent in most of the pictures. This is again a bit similar to the Gaja-Simha motif found in Konark Sun Temple in Odisha, which is again a Vaishnava Temple.Again the Ngi Ngao Kham (a mythical dragon-winged lion) and the royal insignia of the Tai-Ahoms has been seen in Barpeta and Borduwa Satra .[3]This shows that that the architecture and design of many of the the Vaishnavite monasteries are closely assimilated with other practices.Ngi Ngao Kham Sculpture3. In conclusion, we can see that the lion has been used as a mystical creature that is used as a metaphor for showcasing the might of the Supreme Hindu deity Lord Vishnu. The essence of Vaishnavism is in the worship of Lord Vishnu. Just like the Garuda is shown as an insurmountable force and a humanoid bird possessing extraordinary martial prowess. In the Simhasana, the lion is always depicted as a dominant to the elephant which symbolizes the idea of sin being destroyed by nama (name of God) (Mahanta, 2007). Similar inferences can be drawn for the Singhaduar/Batcora.Footnotes[1] http://1. (http://magazines.odis...[2] http://hdl.handle.net/10603/6405[3] https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=...
How do implement an 8:1 line multiplexer using two 4:1 line multiplexers?
8:1 multiplexer can be implemented using two 4:1 mux,a OR gate and a NOT gate as a enable signal.Take two 4:1 mux with select lines as S(1) and S(0).Connect the two 4:1 muxes.Labelled the inputs of two mux from I(0) to I(7) as mentioned in the below diagram.Take an enable signal in such a way that only one mux can be active at same time through select lines.Finally connect the output of two mux into an OR gate and achieve the desired output.The implementation along with the truth table is shown below:-
Is it possible to make an AI robot just based on hardware without software?
Yes and technically this is the endgame of AI.Think of the hardware design process: At first algorithms are described in hardware description language (HDL). with enough optimization and testing they are written into FPGA for prototyping. After several iterations, when they are close to perfection and no longer need to be revised, they are converted to ASIC for weight/cost saving and mass production.This entire process is merely a big optimization pipeline, nothing else - the one that modern AI algorithms (e.g. neural architectural search) still have difficulty solving with reasonable time & cost, but is gradually getting better. At some point they will be trusted with the majority of such pipeline: an implementation of an algorithm is no longer designed, but evolved, and it would be safe to claim that software no longer exist, the only thing remain is the algorithms directly encoded in hardware.I believe that one proposal for such optimization pipeline is called Goedel machine, but I haven’t read the article and there are definitely more proposals. So please read those literatures at your own discretion.
-sharvil111 | ASIC Verification
In Gita verse 18.65 Lord Krishna says, "Always think of me and worship me". How to do this without visualizing Him since I dislike idol/image worship?
In Hinduism the Supreme Lord is understood as either nirguna (formless and without material qualities), or saguna (with form and with transcendental qualities) or both.The Vedic scriptures describe, in detail, both the nirguna and saguna Supreme Lord. Most Hindus tend to accept only the nirguna Supreme and believe that nirguna Supreme is the ultimate Truth.The Bhagavat Purana defines the Supreme Lord as:"The Absolute Truth is realized in three phases of understanding by the knower of the Absolute Truth, and all of them are identical. Such phases of the Absolute Truth are expressed as Brahman, Paramatma, and Bhagavan." (1.2.11)Brahman, Paramatma and Bhagavan are qualitatively one and the same but the jnanis tend to realize the Absolute Truth as impersonal Brahman, the yogis as Paramatma and the bhaktas as Bhagavan.Lord Krishna, in the Bhagavad Gita, explicitly points out that He is NOT nirguna but He is saguna i.e. He is a person and has a personality. And when He speaks it is Him who is speaking and no one else speaking through Him.And I am the basis of the impersonal Brahman, which is immortal, imperishable and eternal and is the constitutional position of ultimate happiness. (BG 14.27)Many don’t want to accept that God is a person. But God is the Supreme person andHe is totally different from ordinary persons of this world, however great they may be.Lord Krishna says in the Bhagavad Gita:Because I am transcendental, beyond both the fallible and the infallible, and because I am the greatest, I am celebrated both in the world and in the Vedas as that Supreme Person. (BG 15.18)It becomes difficult to think of and worship a formless God. Progress on such path becomes troublesome as Lord Krishna points out:For those whose minds are attached to the unmanifested, impersonal feature of the Supreme, advancement is very troublesome. To make progress in that discipline is always difficult for those who are embodied. (BG 12.5)Since all living entities in this world has a personality then why deny God’s personality.How can a formless God create form?