What are the variables and control when you extract DNA from a banana?
First of all, congrats on going to science fair! I absolutely loved science fairing! XD I need some more details on your project to give you some variables...what are you manipulating in the experiment? Are you adding more RNAse or changing the amount of salt? If you are simply extracting DNA just for the fun of it, there aren't any real variables. There would be no independent variable, which is what you change in the experiment whether it be concentration of solute, temperature, pressure, etc. Your dependent variable, I suppose could be amount of DNA extracted. You do have some controlled variables. Controlled variables are things you keep constant during the process of the experiment in order to reduce error. Some you probably have are: -Temperature Unit: Degrees Celsius How it might change the experiment: Varying temperatures may alter the DNA extraction process How you will keep it constant: The procedure will be completed at room temperature at all times. -Amount of salt needed to bind DNA during extraction Unit: Grams (g) How it might change the experiment: Varying amounts of salt can change the amount of visible DNA How you will keep it constant: A balance will be used to measure the mass of the salt before adding -Amount of detergent used to break down cell walls Unit: Milliliters (mL) How it might change the experiment: Varying amounts of detergent can affect amount of DNA extracted How you will keep it constant: A graduated cylinder will be used to minimize error in amount of detergent Again, since you don't seem to have a real independent variable, there would not be any positive or negative controls. Good luck at your fair!
How can i count the no. of pulses using an 8051 microcontroller?
I am using a microcontroller 8051/8052 in my small project...My project is to display the amount of air exhaled.For that im using a small fan.. in one end of the fan there is an IR LED source and in the other end there is an IR detector...so when the fan rotates due to the air blown it cuts the IR light to the detector and hence we get pulses as output..i need to count these pulses using a microcontroller...please tell me how to do that....
What is the control, independent variable and dependent variable?
Your independent variable is brand of diaper. Have at least three brands. Your dependent variable is absorption, measured by amount of liquid that the diaper will hold. (Easier to measure it out in increments and stop when the diaper quits absorbing than to try to wring out the soaked diaper and measure that!) In this case, the control group is a little hard to imagine, and maybe not needed. Perhaps you could use an old-fashioned cloth diaper as the control, or as the standard of measurement, so your experiment is to see both whether modern napkins absorb better than the old-fashioned kind and which brand is the best, second best, etc. If you also take note of the cost per diaper, you might find that a cheap one is only a little less absorbent than an expensive one, and maybe that should be considered when the consumer shops for diapers. Have fun. Oh, and use water. No need to use urine. I mean, that would be gross.
I want to do a final year project on control systems using microcontroller 8051. What would be some good projects for EE & ECE students?
Design a prototype for a new numerical relay as a protection scheme for transformers or any other equipment. (8051+ switch gear)2. You can create a security prototype for any system based on bio-metrics.(8051+DIP)3. Creation of inverter for variable output frequency.(8051+ power electronics).4. Obstacle detection and intimation for railways.(RF+8051+GSM/Satellite Comm)
How to set up a Java web project with JSP and XAMPP?
XAMPP has a Tomcat installed so all you need to do is run Tomcat and put your WAR file on the webapps folder. Alternatively, you can hook up the Tomcat on your Eclipse or Intellij and just deploy your web project from there.Take a look at this guideInstalling Apache Tomcat ServerIt’s old but it should still work as is. You will be looking up your tomcat directory rather than installing it.
Why is it important for scientists to test only one variable at a time during an experiment?
Well think about it this way. If I change two things say temperature and time of the experiment and the results are different than the control ( the control is the same experiment done without any changes). How could I know whether the temperature caused the change or the time caused the change? I could not. This is why only one variable should be tested so that one variable can be connected with a change in the experiment. Hope this makes things clear for you.
Is control system subject bridging between electrical and mechanical systems?
There are three terms that are used quite analogously every now and then Control systems,Control theory and Control engineering.Lets talk a bit about these terms for a bit before we arrive at an answer to the question. Control system : is merely a device or a group of devices that monitor and regulate a system. System here refers to a gadget, appliance, instrument or machine. It can be a mechanical device, or be electrical or electronic in nature or be a combination of these. Control theory : is an interdisciplinary branch of engineering and mathematics that deals with the behavior of dynamical system with inputs, and how their behavior is modified by feedback. (Thank you Wikipedia!). Dynamical systems are simply the systems we described in the previous definition expressed mathematically as differential equations, random variables, vectors etc.Control engineering : Control engineering combines the above two i.e. it borrows concepts from control theory and uses them to design systems with desired behavior.Most of the universities have courses named on either of these terms and broadly cover important concepts from each of them and so do the books that are followed in these courses. Control systems course/subject indeed acts as a bridge between electrical and mechanical systems. It even act as a bridge between electronics and mechanical engineering. Have you heard the term "Mechatronics" ? Because of their ubiquity, I would say control systems/ control engineering courses bridge not only electrical and mechanical engineering but also telecommunications, chemical processes, aerospace, etc.
I want to learn Python. I have no knowledge of programming. Where do I start? Which book do I read? I want to learn from the very basics to the advanced level, like solving real time problems using Python. What are online tutorials or YouTube channels for this?
If you are absolutely new to programming, it's a good idea to start with interactive tutorials such as Codecademy. Follow its instructions step by step and you will soon get some basic understanding of programming(stuff like data types, variables, control flow statements, functions etc.)After some chapters you can switch to The Official Python Tutorial. At this stage you need a locally installed python interpreter and should try stuff you learned on each topic. It's IMPORTANT to type every character yourself to better memorize things.Finishing all the materials above, you can improve your coding skills by applying python to some real projects. Here I list two books that I've read myself and you may like them as well:1. Programming PythonThis book covers the versatility and power of python, so it's a good starting point. Its topics include system administration, GUI, web programming and much more. My suggestion is to choose a topic you like, read it through and then jump to more advanced books. 2. Test Driven Development with PythonThis book is amazing. It presents and links Test Driven Development methodology, Version Control System and web development using Django in an organized manner that you can follow so naturally even if you have no previous knowledge of any of them. There are some prerequisites though. At least you should know some basic linux command line operations.
What tools and books should one use to teach an 8-year-old boy basic programming skills?
I have shown my sons a few programming environments at about the same age, and so far the winner (elected by them) has been Scratch from MIT Scratch - Imagine, Program, Share There are two important points here:1. learning to program is not mainly about learning a programming language; it is much more about understanding and applying the concepts in which a machine works, i.e., things like program control, loops and iterations, variables, constants, threading, etc. - Scratch has all of these and more.2. people learn best when they are enjoying what they are doing, thus getting some positive feedback out of their experience. Scratch is well-suited for programming interactive visual games (2D).Realising these two points together, the team at MIT have developed Scratch as a programming environment that does NOT require learning a language, because it all works through a visual drag-and-drop programming environment that is really easy to learn.As a note on the side, I still consider speedy and efficient touch typing a useful skill, and there are loads of touch-typing training programs out there. I have had a look around and selected klavaro for my sons. It runs on Linux, and I am not sure whether it is available for other OSs. But if not, you can always have a look around for something similar.