What is negative gene regulation?
In negative regulation, a repressor molecule binds to the operator of an operon and terminates transcription. Turning off of the structural gene expression by a repressor protein is known as negative regulation. In an inducible system, the repressor protein alone binds to the operator and inhibits transcription in the absence of an inducer.However, in the presence of an inducer, the repressor protein binds to it and undergoes a conformational change. The resultant repressor-inducer complex can not bind to the operator ancKhereby, initiates transcription. (Example: lac-operon)
What is Gene Expression Regulation?
can you explain what it is in details (WITHOUT USING WIKIPEDIA), can you tel me your source, can you include the following in your explanation : transcription factor, cellular communications, promoter, and enhancers.
Briefly explain gene regulation?
Gene regulation is a process in which a cell determines which genes it will express and when. There are a number of reasons why organisms from unicellular animals to blue whales engage in gene regulation. Regulation of genes is a topic of interest for some researchers who are interested in learning more about how the process works and what happens when it goes wrong. One of the easiest ways to illustrate gene regulation is to talk about gene regulation in humans. Every cell in the human body contains a complete copy of that person's DNA, with tens of thousands of potentially viable genes. Obviously, all of these genes cannot be expressed at once. Hence, cells must decide which genes to turn on and which genes to turn off. For example, a skin cell turns on the genes which make it a skin cell, while a bone cell would leave these genes turned off. Neither of these cells would need the genes which allow a cell to differentiate into a neuron, so these genes would be left off as well. In addition to being useful for cell differentiation, gene regulation is also valuable for cell function. As a cell moves through its life, it has different needs and functions, which can be addressed with the use of gene regulation to determine which genes are expressed and when. Likewise, cells can adapt to environmental changes such as an injury which requires repair by activating new genes. For the cell, gene regulation can be accomplished in a number of different ways, with one of the most common simply being regulation of the rate at which RNA transcription occurs. Genes can also be deactivated by changing the structure of the DNA in an individual cell to turn them off or on. Unicellular organisms also utilize gene regulation to regulate their functions and activity. These organisms must be able to adapt genetic material quickly to adjust to changing circumstances and new environments. Failure to do so will cause not only death of the cell, but death of the organism itself. Gene regulation allows such organisms to do things which will allow them to fit into hostile and extreme environments and to adapt to changes such as the introduction of antibiotics into their environment.
Explain how gene expression may be controlled at the translational and post-translational level. ?
Effects at the translational level are on the dna being translated into proteins, this can be affected by transcription factors that up-regulate or down-regulate the genes. Post translational means changes once the proteins have already been synthesized. Post translational modifications change the protein function. Examples of postranlational modifications are phosphorylation, palmidilation, ubiquitination; processes where a group is added to the protein and alters its function.
Why is gene regulation in eukaryotic cells nore complex than in prokaryotic cells?
There are several mechanisms you can use to explain HOW gene regulation is more complex in eukaryotes than prokaryotes, but the question asks WHY it is more complex. The reason is because eukaryotes have many types of specialized cells that have to express different genes at different times. The human body alone has something like 200 different cell types--each performing a different function. This function is dictated by what genes are being expressed. Second, eukaryotes tend to be much larger than prokaryotes. Stimuli sensed at one part of a eukaryotic body must be relayed to other cells in order for the organism to respond properly (homeostasis). This entails the need for more complex regulatory mechanisms involving hormones and other signaling molecules that must travel long distances quickly. I don't have a source on this other than what I learned in intro biology, but I think these are the key points here. Hope this helps!
What is the importance of the regulation of a gene expression?
Regulation of gene expression is critical in many facets of cell biology:fine regulation of gene expression allows for precise response to:stress eventscell-cell signalinginner-cell signalingcell differentiation: i.e. different gene expression allows for cells, although the posses the same DNA to differentiate in different cell tiypesstudying the gene regulation it is critical to understand cancer and disease, since most of the time it depends on mis-regulation of genes involved in tumor suppression or tumor progression
Explain the importance of prokaryotic gene expression regulation in recombinant DNA technology applications?
Recombinant DNA technology refers to an in vitro procedure for splicing and recombining genes from one organism (donor) and vectors, and then transferring them into another organism (receptor). It is also called molecular cloning technology. Donor, receptor and vector are the three basic components of recombinant DNA technology. Recombinant DNA technology generally includes four steps: (1) producing DNA fragments; (2) connecting DNA fragments with vector DNA molecules; (3) putting recombinant DNA molecules into host cells; (4) selecting host cells containing the required recombinant DNA molecules. The host cells of prokaryotic expression system commonly used in the process of recombinant DNA are E. coli and Bacillus subtilis. They have the advantages of rapid proliferation, high expression, convenient purification, good stability, strong anti-pollution ability and low cost, and so on. Therefore, prokaryotic expression plays an important role as an important expression system of recombinant DNA technology.With years of experience in protein expression and purification, Synbio Technologies has developed a cost-effective bacterial expression platform to deliver high purity proteins to our customers. By using the NGTM Codon Optimization Technology, the expression level in bacterial can significantly improve. We also offer the Syno® Guaranteed package, which guarantees 3-5 mg recombinant protein of >85% purity to be delivered to our customers.
1. The processes by which eukaryotes regulate gene expression are somewhat complex compared to prokaryotes.?
(a) Explain why eukaryotic gene expression is more complex than prokaryotic gene expression. (b) Explain how gene expression shapes the phenotype of an individual.
Why is gene regulation necessary? Why is it important?
Gene regulation, if I understand your question correctly, is the switch that turns a gene on and off. Genes have a big job, to do everything!!! The way they do everything, is by creating it.I will use an analogy to explain it. Imagine a city: say it’s called Eukaryopolis. In the middle of this city is the most important building, the library! In the library in a special locked room are the plans of the city, an instruction book to make every single thing that could possibly be needed. It has instructions that can make the garbage trucks, the dogs and cats, faucets to make water, streets, and even plans of how to make more plans. You are the mayor and can go into this room, but you NEVER want to bring out these plans for fear of losing or hurting them, so when you go into get information, you bring in your phone, to take a picture of each plan and instruction for the thing that you need to make. Then you promptly go out of the library and find someone who can round up materials and make the item you need. Because you are mayor you have a vehicle that takes you and the plan from the library out to a manufacturing warehouse. You have workers that are called ribosomes that round up the materials and make whatever you give them plans for. You even have plans to make more ribosomes. There are times when the things you make must be taken to other locations to complete…but since you are mayor and have the plans and workers you can do that.This Little story explains how gene regulation in a cell happens. The plan inside the library are the DNA. You, the mayor can make a copy of the DNA (rna) and bring it out of the nucleus and into the cell to make other items the cell needs (proteins).Gene regulation describes the fact that as mayor, you can change how you make things that the cell needs. On Thursday after a holiday the garbage is building up so you make extra trucks. There is a shortage of good puppies at the pound for people to adopt? You make more. You have learned over time to best way to make your city survive and that is how you use the plans in the library.Cells work this way. If the need arises or environment indicates a situation, the cell can turn on or off the genes available to manage the situation.