Did Japanese launch massive submarine warfare in WW2?
No . Japanese submarines were very large long range boats optimised for trans-Pacific warfare against warships . They had relatively few of them , and had no standard mass-produced designs . Planned to be used for scouting and reconaissance primarily , and to be concentrated against an advancing hostile fleet secondarily , they tended to always operate under strict orders to conserve the force , which led to quite timid behaviour , rather than offensive operation . As the war progressed they were used increasingly for running vital supplies and personnel between island garrisons , in the face of overwhelming U S Air superiority , and several new boats were built , unarmed , as specialist supply runners . The U S Navy's submarines on the other hand , as the one weapon left which could be wielded offensively against Japan after the Pearl Harbour attack ( AND other japanese successes in the Far East ) went straight into a German style campaign . Mass production of the big US type of submarines , and the inability of the Japanese to provide a convoy system for their merchant ships , due to lack of sufficient escort ships , anti-submarine aviation , and having only primitive radar and sonar / ASDIC equipment , gave the USN a huge advantage as compared with the Germans in the Atlantic War . Superior Allied anti-submarine technology and training rendered the big , slow diving , Japanese submarines , lacking radar and radar detector equipment , quite vulnerable , and a steady attrition occurred . Japan is often criticised ( quite unfairly ) for not launching a German style U-boat onslaught against the Allies - But that was not the role given to the Force and its commanders , nor were the big boats suited to that role .
Who won the submarine warfare in WWI?
If you mean submarine to submarine warfare,then both sides lost several subs.But if you mean submarine warfare as a whole(including sinking enemy supply ships or to assist warships in naval war),then allies won the war.But they did not won using their subs,they due to their economic strength and numerical superiority on ships,sub war in ww1 was mainly a war between allied ships and German U-boats.U-boat's task was to sink as many supply ships to UK as they can,it was done to starve British out.they failed though they inflicted heavy damage,another task was to keep German sea coast free,Britain already made naval blockade,especially German surface fleet was immobilize after battle of Zutland.
It marked the beginning of aerial reconnaissance which is still one of the most effective reconnaissance method until present time and in the future it is likely that it will be preceded by orbital reconnaissance.To see how important it was back in the WWI, let's take a look back in that time. WWI was renowned as the static war or trench war where the participants created series of trench as a defensive mechanism against the their enemy. The common trench systemThe trenches could span for miles in length and it would be very difficult for cavalry reconnaissance as passing the no man's land alone was almost impossible (vulnerable to any gunfire and artillery fire). The airplanes had the advantages of being able to see from above so it had a very wide point of view and could see longer distance than the cavalry. The airplane's crew could take photos of the enemy's trench system and also helped the artillery batteries to check and made corrections to their shell's trajectory / path. Here is a photo taken by using airplane reconnaissance :By using the accurate data and photos from the aerial reconnaissance, the high command could create better strategy for the incoming battle.
World War II Submarine Battle: USS Balao vs. Type IX U-Boat. Who wins?
The ships in question are only as good as the crews that manned them. German submariners had quite a bit more experience in the world of submarine warfare, dating back to the first World War. On average, the officers and crew of the Kriegsmarine were more experienced than the typical US Naval sailor. This was true until the losess suffered by Germany forced her to put inexperienced officers and crews out to sea, to replace their staggering casualties in the Atlantic. The main weapon of any submarine is its torpedos. The American Balao had 24 while the IX only had 22. The Balao had 6 tubes forward and 4 aft, while the German sub only had 4 forward and 2 aft. Simply put, the American could put more fish in the water and run a greater chance of a hit than the German. The American sub is faster, 20 knots surfaced, versus 18 knots for the German. Submerged it wins again with 8.75 knots versus 7.7. Speed was critical with any submarine as it allowed the subs to escape escort vehicles and catch up to merchant convoys. A good majority of the survivability of subs was how deep it could go (to escape depth charges, sonar detection etc) and the German wins this one hands down: 750 feet versus 400 for the Balao. The deck guns for both subs are similar, the American mounting a 4inch 102 mm versus the German 105. While both had variations on range and velocity, both performed their jobs as they were intended to, put holes in ships. The American sub put out over 5,400 hp versus 4,400 for the German. I would sadly have to put my money on the IX. She had superior torpedos, better depth rating and better engineering for her equipment. The American was able to go faster, but weighed near 400 tons more than the German. The German could withstand more days at sea without refueling and resupply but that would eventually hinder the German as the American could refit and rearm with more bases away from the homeland. (even though the Germans had subs called "milk cows" that would refit subs at sea)
How come america didnt declare war on nazi germany when it attacked poland,britain and france in the llnd worl?
America had no treaty obligation with any European nation to engage with them in the advent of a conflict of war.After the invasion of Poland by Germany, Britain declared war on Germany, a step made by Churchill that was unpopular, France followed, There was no plausible reason for this step but Churchill wanted to abide by the Anglo/French Treaty to protect Poland. This ardency by Churchill throw Europe into a major conflict, of which the Americans wanted no part.They could with good reason argue that this conflict was self inflicted. America had the problems that all multi national societies have, in trying to convince that the government is acting in the interests of all, this would have been difficult. Had the American administration follow Churchill's lead and sided with them, then the German population in American would have been alienated. Only when German declared war on America, could the American president rightly state that Germany has also declared war on the American-German population "their fellow countrymen" this was also the case with the American-Italian population, who gave the allies extensive intelligence and other help during the Italian campaign.There is no doubt that with out the help from America and the tenacity of the Russian, the conflict would have ended differently.
In World War 2, The Battle of the Atlantic, how did Hitler's U-Boats wreak havoc?
The U-boat was not a true submarine. It was something called a "submersible" - or a boat which could dive for short periods, but must always return to the surface. On the surface it was faster than all but the fastest Allied ships. It had a very low profile and was extremely maneuverable and carried powerful torpedoes. This made it a very dangerous weapon. Hitler had, at the peak of the battle, dozens of U-boats on the Atlantic. At first they patrolled near harbors where ships had to go. They could see the ships before they themselves were spotted, then fire their torpedoes and get lost. Later, as the British stepped up patrols outside their own harbors, the U-boats did the same thing farther out to sea. Many, many ships were being sunk. The goal of the Germans was to sink so much shipping Britain would no longer be able to feed itself. They would be starved into submission. The British introduced convoys - groups of ships traveling together under the protection of a few warships. The U-boat's successes went down. Then the U-boats started attacking in packs, with 7, 8 or 10 U-boats hitting the convoy at the same time from different directions. Their successes went back up. This push-and-pull of changing tactics on both sides was typical of the conflict. Finally the US and British got together and managed to decipher the German battle codes, telling them where the U-boat packs were located. Convoys could be routed around them. Also, radio direction finding made it possible to tell where an individual U-boat was when he radioed base for orders (all U-boats had to do this daily). Special crews were trained to hunt down these signals and sink the U-boat. It was this special combination of convoys, code breaking and heavily trained "Hunter-Killer" groups which finally ended the Battle of the Atlantic.