How Did The New Wave Of Anglo American Settlement In The West Transform The Economy Of That Region

Why did only 13 North American colonies rebel against the British crown? Why didn't the other British American colonies join the fight?

At the time of the American War for Independence Canada (mostly southern parts of what we call Quebec and Ontario today) had a predominantly francophone, Catholic population.The 13 colonies were vehemently anti-French, and extremely suspicious of Catholics—and this was no secret. In fact, one of the grievances that the colonists had against the Crown and Parliament was that the French practices and legal system along with Catholicism were all protected in the Quebec Act (1774). The Act also extended the territory of Quebec to cover much of modern Ontario and American Midwest. This further angered the colonists.The French population had no interest in joining a protestant and largely Puritan society when their rights were guaranteed by the British. The First Continental Congress did make overtures to the northern colonies but to no avail. The earlier rhetoric of many prominent American colonists was not forgotten.The American would learn the hard way in the winter of 1775 that the Canadiens had no interest in joining their cause.The loyalty of Canada was further solidified after the war when thousands of loyalists settled largely in what we call Ontario today. These were people who risked their livelihoods and lives to support the British. They left their lives behind to go to Canada.This migration caused Canada to have a majority Anglophone population for the first time and led to its division into two separate colonies, Upper and Lower Canada (Ontario and Quebec).Despite the British loyalty, many Canadians and Americans assumed that at least Upper Canada would be absorbed by the US.Canadian identity as a firmly separate entity was solidified during the War of 1812 and the failed American invasion. The Americans attempted to invade Upper Canada from the West and the East but we're repulsed. Many argue that this is the event that created the first conception of Canadian identity.Once Canada was firmly established as a separate entity from the US, they set about a long and gradual process of self-rule.Because of the French and Loyalist elements, Canada was set on a different path than their southern neighbor. The affinity for King and Country ran strong and they sought liberty and moderation in the tradition of English Common Law and practice.Practical considerations also played a role. Once Canadian identity developed, remaining within the Empire was a safeguard against the often expansionist tendencies of the Americans.

Why did British people not settle in India during colonization like they settled in Australia and other colonies?

Early on, Europeans did try to establish colonies in India. For instance, my hometown Chennai was the site of a British colony where around 50,000 Europeans lived. Unlike in America, they perished through famine and genocide by invading armies such as from Golconda. They would retreat to Fort St. George and have a presence there, but it wasn’t conducive to building a large settlement when you keep getting wiped out. Furthermore, there were hundreds of thousands of Brits who tried to settle during the 19th century, but India was a populous and established economy and it wasn’t easy for them to just replace the locals like in Australia and America. Eventually, their descendants either became Anglo-Indians or chose to emigrate elsewhere due to factors like weather, better economic conditions elsewhere, etc.Another factor to consider was that Europeans in India were primarily employed by the state, either initially by the East-India company or the Crown under the military. By the beginning of the 20th century, fewer than 25% of Europeans in India had been born in India and 36% were soldiers. Less than 5% were over the age of 50, since the employees of the state generally came with an intention to make a salary in India and return back to Britain.