The flow of genetic information in a cell goes from?
E.DNA to RNA to PROTEIN
Explain the flow of genetic information(DNA to RNA to protein, transcription (DNA to RNA) & translation (RNA t
Transcription: DNA becoming mRNA. First HELICASE creates two strands in DNA. PRIMASE lays down a PRIMER (starting point of RNA POLYMERASE). Then, the 5' to 3' strand is used by RNA POLYMERASE to create the complementary strand which becomes 3' to 5'. A becomes URACIL or (U) instead of T, T becomes A, G becomes C and C becomes G. NO THYMINE IN RNA. For example 5' ATCGT 3' becomes 3' UAGCA 5' Then, it becomes a mRNA. Translation: mRNA becomes a protein. First, the mRNA attaches to the RIBOSOME. tRNA then comes and it contains a ANTICODON(opposite of the starting CODON which is UAC).[a CODON is a group of 3 nucleotides(A, G, U, or C). So, a codon could be AUG or CUA... Each codon is a specific AMINO ACID.] The tRNA finds the starting codon(ALWAYS AUG/ AKA AMINO ACID METHIONINE) by binding to it using the complementary anticodon. There are 3 sites in the in the rRNA, A, P, and E. Remember E as Exit, P as Protein, and A as Accept It moves in a line, from the 5' to 3'. The starting codon would be P, and the one next to it(3' side) will be the A. The amino acids then form a PEPTIDE BOND, the chain created from P always adding the amino acid from A. Then the whole site moves towards the 3' side, and continues in a line. The E site will become the previous P, and the P will become the previous A. When it reaches a STOPPING CODON(UGA, UAG or UAA), the amino acid chain becomes a PROTEIN. REMEMBER, IN A PROTEIN, THE STARTING CODON IS NOT INCLUDED(FIRST METHIONINE, if in the sequence, it will be included!). This is basically what Translation is.
Trace the flow of information from DNA to protein?
Protein synthesis is a 2 part process that involves a second type of nucleic acid along with DNA. This second type of nucleic acid is RNA, ribonucleic acid. RNA differs from DNA in two respects. First, the sugar units in RNA are ribose as compared to DNA's deoxyribose. Because of this difference, RNA does not bind to the nucleotide base Thymine, instead, RNA contains the nucleotide base Uracil (U) in place of T (RNA also contains the other three bases: A, C and G). In the first step of protein synthesis, the 2 DNA strands in a gene that codes for a protein unzip from each other. Similar to the way DNA replicates itself, a single strand of messenger RNA (mRNA) is then made by pairing up mRNA bases with the exposed DNA nucleotide bases. After the mRNA is manufactured, it leaves the cell nucleus and travels to a cellular organelle called the ribosome (we will learn about the cell, nucleus and ribosome in the next lesson). In the ribosome, the mRNA code is translated into a transfer RNA (tRNA) code which, in turn, is transfered into a protein sequence. In this process, each set of 3 mRNA bases (the mRNA base triplet is called a codon) will pair with a complimentary tRNA base triplet (called an anticodon). Each tRNA is specific to an amino acid, as tRNA's are added to the sequence, amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds, eventually forming a protein that is later released by the tRNA.
Hi there…The genetic information is passed through intermediate transitory nucleic acid sequences, called messenger RNA (mRNA) that harbour the genetic codes in triplets of nitrogenous bases.The triplet genetic codes of mRNA are deciphered into amino acids by transfer RNA (t-RNA) at the ribosomes (consist of ribosomal RNA and proteins). The phenomenon of transfer of genetic code via mRNA to protein called central dogma of life and it’s conserved among all the life forms discovered so far.Hope it helps
Briefly explain how information flows from gene to protein?
DNA unwinds, creates an RNA copy (transcription) of the dna strand (single strand). Rna goes to ribosome, ribosome clamps on to rna strand. Ribosome reads the code on the rna strand (translation), and creates a protein from strand. Extremely simplified.
How does information go from DNA to RNA and from RNA to proteins?
From DNA to RNA through 'transcription' And from RNA to Proteins through 'translation'
How can I simply define the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein in as few words as possible?
I need to include the molecules involved, sequence of events and location of each step within the cell. I know the whole process but can't seem to get all the info written down in as few words as possible. I just need it to be a few sentences, or better yet, broken down in bullet points, steps or phrases or something similar. I tend to me to wordy; I'm one who would highlight everything in a book because I think everything's important and have a hard time selecting what's actually important. Need something simple to memorize as I will only have a couple minutes to write it all out.
DNA goes through the central dogma to produce Protein. ( Central dogma: The central dogma of molecular biology describes the two-step process, transcription and translation, by which the information in genes flows into proteins: DNA → RNA → protein. )Like DNA >> RNA >> Protein.The sequences are:At first DNA the transcription.By transcription, the DNA produces mRNA.Next this mRNA is grabbed by the ribosome sub-units and tRNA comes to start the process translation.Through translation, protein is produced.So ultimately, DNA & RNA both are acting together to produce protein.I hope that helps :) !!
Describe how genetic information flows between those types of molecules.?
DNA contains the code for all an organism's protein. Since many of the organism's structures, processes, and growth depend on protein the DNA is central to the well being of all organisms. In eukaryotes, the DNA is locked up in the nucleus. The area of the cell where proteins are made is in the cytosol (ribosomes). In order for the protein to be made the DNA has to produce a copy of the blueprint m-RNA. This messenger RNA will take the code to the ribosome. The process by which m-RNA is made is called transcription. A-U, C-G base pairing rules. Once on the ribosome another RNA comes into play t-RNA. This is called transfer RNA. Here it will take an amino acid and place it in the correct order to produce the desired protein. This is called translation. It begins with a start co don AUG. and ends with a stop codon. The protein will then go to the Golgi apparatus and be formed into its final shape.
It stores information only in the sense that humans find it convenient to see the sequence of base pairs as information. You could do the same sort of thing with tree rings, or inches of rainfall. What DNA really is, is a molecule, that affects and is affected by other molecules.Now, insofar as it can be said to store information, it does this as the DNA structure itself. The entire molecule is made up of two matching strands that are each a chain of nucleotides. A nucleotide is a molecule consisting of a molecule of a particular sugar, a phosphate group (which attaches to the sugar ahead of it in the chain), and, sticking out across to the opposite chain, a nitrogenous base.The job of the sugar and the phosphate group is primarily to form the “backbone” of the strand. The nitrogenous base is where most of the magic happens. There are 4 types of base (each in its own type of nucleotide):Adenine (A)Cytosine (C)Guanine (G)Thymine (T)And the reason the strands are “matched” is that each of the bases pairs,on the other of the two chains, with one and only one other base. A pairs with T (and vice versa) and C with G (ditto).So each molecule of DNA is essentially a chain of 4 configurations of base pairs (held together by the rest of each nucleotide):A-TT-AC-GG-CAnd that’s it. The sequence of those pairs — ~3 billion of them in humans — is the stored “information”. Now, this information can also be locked up or freed for reading in various ways (and the reading mechanisms are pretty sophisticated so they can sort of read the same sequence in different ways to get different results), and some pieces of the code may flip in and out of various places in the strand, but as to how it’s stored, there ya go.