AP Biology Test Question?
A plasmid is a circular DNA found in bacterial.A plasmid can be modified into another through a process called genetic engineering. In this mechanism, a plasmid is taken from one bacterial into another bacteria. the enzyme used in this process is called restriction enzyme ( found naturally in bacterials), to begin, we first isolate the gene we are using from it's host, then the plasmid is removed and they are joined together. now the plasmid has part it's own and a foreign DNA. they then multiply and produce more of the target cells. a typical example is human and insulin production as described below . in the past, people with diabetes have not been able to pruduce enough insulin protein. insulin from cows and pigs have been used to treat diabetes through this process of genetic engineering.
How did the Neolithic Revolution change the human way of life?
the neolithic revolution began when people discovered agriculture. Because of agriculture people could now farm instead of hunting and gathering. This allowed people to settle down and live in one place. This led to settlements and the development of group living. Since people after the neolithic rev began living in tighter more complex social situations this also led to better and more complicated forms of communication. The neolithic rev also eventually led to the development of governments because now that people were living in settlements they started dividing the work. They needed people to hunt, farm, cook, and do other things, and since not everyone could do the same thing they needed orginization to decide who would do what. This led to higher forms of orginization and ultimately to forms of government. Also with the discovery of agriculture people began to have food surpluses, this led to population growth and trade. It led to trade becasue people would now trade the extra food that they grew. Lastly the neolithic rev led to the switch from a matriarchal system to a more patriarchal system. In hunting and gathering times women were though higher of then men because they hunted and gathered just like the men did, and on top of that they also gave birth or created life. After the neolithic revolution there was no longer a need for the women to hunt and gather. A family could live off of the males work in the farm, because they then only needed one person to feed the family women fell into more homemaker roles and began to lose importance. Oh, and agriculture also led to recreational activity because less time was needed to get the necesary amount of food, so familys had free time, and they needed stuff to do.