How Many Letters/syllables Are Used In Algebra

Are any Chinese characters based on letters from other languages’ alphabets (for example Greek or Roman)?

Although it’s technically not from alphabets, 卍 (counter-clockwise wàn) and 卐 (clockwise wàn) characters are originated from the swastika. It had been came together with Buddhism from India. Whereas this symbol, the Hakenkreuz, has been tabooed in the West after the World War Ⅱ, is still used to refer Buddhism or Buddhist temples in the East Asia.

Which numbers replace which letters in Arabic?

If you are referring to numbers used by some Arabic speakers to transliterate Arabic into Latin script, then you are referring to the Arabic chat alphabet, commonly known as Franco:2 = ء3 = ع5 and 7 = ح or خ6 = ط8 = غ9 = صIf you are referring to the old Arabic numerals, then you are referring to are known as Abjad numerals (حِسَاب ٱلْجُمَّل‎ - ḥisāb ʾal-jummal).This is a chart of all letter values:This is a chart which shows the development of modern Arabic numerals:Source: Geometric Analysis of the Arabic Numerals

In how many ways can you arrange the letters of the word "RANDOM" if the two vowels should not be together?

First, we have to find out in how many ways we can arrange the letters of the word RANDOM. This is fairly straightforward since all the 6 letters are distinct. Since we are looking at arrangement, we will have to use permutations. Essentially, we have to find no: of ways in which we can arrange 6 distinct objects in 6 positions. This is given by 6P6=720. Now, we have to exclude the cases in which the letters O and A come side by side. We can split this process into 2 stages.Stage 1: Select 2 positions out of 6 for placing the letters A and O side by sidw.This can be done in 5 ways.Stage 2: Place the letters A and O in the selected 2 positions. We have only 2 positions and 2 items to be placed with the additional constraint that we can't use the same letter twice.Hence the no: of ways in which this can be done is 2.Now, to find the no: of ways in which A and O can be placed side by side, we just have to multiply the no: of ways available for each of the stages. This is given by 5*2=10.Hence, our answer is 720-10=710.

Why didn't the Chinese use letters in their alphabet instead of characters?

Most alphabets descend from character based writing systems. The Latin, Greek, Cyrillic alphabets all descend from Phoenician abjad, which can be traced back to Egyptian hieroglyphs.This is the ancestor of the alphabet you’re currently reading. Visually, these symbols are oversimplified drawings of real objects, much like a character system. But they evolved to represent sounds instead because Phoenician was a Semitic language with inflection.Character based systems evolve into syllabaries, abugidas or abjads when they are too inconvenient. Greek and Russian for example have many different case endings and verb conjugations. It’s extremely inefficient (if not impossible) to write them with a system similar to Chinese .Another example would be Korean and Japanese, which turned imported Chinese characters into syllables that lack lexical meaning but instead give phonetic information. Because they are agglutinative languages that can’t function merely with root words and need a whole bunch of suffixes to communicate properly.Chinese on the other hand, is an analytical language. Chinese verbs don’t change form depending on tense and there are no case inflections. So the character system never became too inconvenient.Vietnamese is also an isolating language that adopted Chinese characters at one point, and it worked fine because again, its orthography is compatible.

Why is the Arabic language so poor? It doesn't have the ‘p’ and ‘g’ sounds of the letters.

It’s actually a very interesting question you pose, although I would argue it’s usually a better strategy to frame questions in more neutral ways, as opposed to using terms like ‘poor’ which could be offensive to some.The phonology of a language, which is what you make reference to, like any part of a language is constantly evolving. In our lifetimes, we might see a slight change or two but they usually take many generations to take place. Sound changes result in the formation of new languages and you can similar sounding words as often being inherited from a related source, compare a number of English words with a /t/, which show correspondences to German words with an /s/, water:wasser, eat:essen, what:was, etc.P is actually a very common sound, and it is quite striking that Arabic does not have it, especially as it also has a B, but it also contains a number of sounds which are incredibly difficult for adult learners to acquire, such as the pharyngeals and emphatic consonants. The interesting thing about many spoken varieties of Arabic is that they are losing some of their complex sounds, such as from emphatic consonants to regular consonants, and due to widespread multilingualism are also acquiring the /p/ and /g/ sounds, albeit in loanwords. So for example, most Lebanese speakers would say things like fi aandak computer bil garage? ‘Do you have a computer in the garage?’ instead of saying combuter and karage. For a lot of speakers these loanwords have become fully integrated into their spoken Arabic, so they have become part of their repertoire. While, I know some speakers will argue this doesn’t account, but as a linguist, I can assure you that contact with another language and borrowing words always changes a language in some way, and this process has been going on since language evolved in our species, as far as we know.Hope that’s useful!