How long till we run out of oil and what will we do when that happens?
I agree with the premise that we will as humans, never run out of oil. People of the future occupying Canada, Armenia or Venezuela could still be digging small quantities by shovel 200 years from now. What will stop up from using oil is the price/benefit ratio. Or in more technical language, energy return on energy invested. The idea being that we have to use existing resources, burning of coal, oil or trees to extract oil out of the ground. Right now the problems is that we’re expending more energy to extract more oil. The ratio is now down to 5:1 for Tight/Shale in North Dakota and the numbers are a bit larger for offshore oil. To run a civilization such as the United States, we need a ration of 30:1 to have enough surplus for our car motoring lifestyle.Thus as surplus of oil extracted is getting smaller, the price of oil goes up. That is why we have generally $2.50 on average gas prices in the US. This average will spike up to $4, $5 or $6 to create demand destruction and discourage more than necessary driving. Eventually as the cheaper oil dwindles from around the world, all we will have left is the expensive from shale, tar sands. Whole segments of the population will be cut off from the use of oil by price. First the working class, young, and those who have mass transit options, then the middle class. Finally the government will expropriate what is left for emergency services, police and military and high government offices.Alternatives will also suffer an price inflation problem that will cut off their use except for the wealthiest. Why? because it takes oil to mine lithium, rare earth minerals. So as the price of oil goes up, so will the cost of mining. Oil is a necessary component in plastics, transportation of materials and all the workers involved, blue collar or white. So by the time the flow of oil slow to a trickle 40 years from now, a good 80 to 90% of the population will be back to walking, using horses carriages or riding electric trains. Only the wealthy and government elites may afford to use a car. People will be weaned off by prices, wars and the breakdown of trade.
Which invention do you think had the greatest impact in america in the 1800s?
Electricity! It's the source of energy for just about everything we use now. It started the revolution of electronic devices.
What is the difference between oil and acrylic painting?
the base of the paint
Possible solutions to reducing the level of CO2 in the atmosphere?
Ask your science teacher if you could experiment or do some research to see what would happen. Parroting the party line of discredited climatologists doesn't teach you anything. Consider all factors, start to finish short and long term. Money is a concern, because it takes a productive effort to provide income. The money a solution costs, and its requirement for maintenance, are important factors in its long-term effect. Some "solutions" cost more, some cost less, both in money amounts and environmental effects. Example: "increase manufacturing" in your home area reduces transportation for those products to you, a savings in long-term cost and a benefit in environmental effects. Example: "reducing petroleum use" increases costs of energy and transportation, and "alternative energy sources" cause more polution in manufacturing and maintenance which cost more in the long term, both in money and environmental effects. Example: "clearing the rain forests" doesn't have much effect because they grow back within a few months or are replaced with productive farms.
US HISTORY PLEASE HELP!?
61. Following the Civil War, the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments were passed. What large issues did they address? slavery, equal protection under the law, and voting rights 62. What was the effect of the Homestead Act on western settlement? Homesteaders settled much of the Great Plains. 63. How did western settlement affect Native Americans? It forced them from their lands. 64. Which men were responsible for the development of the steel and oil industries in the United States? Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller 65. How did nineteenth-century railroads influence today's "corporate America"? Railroads were the first business to raise funds by issuing stocks and bonds. 66. What law was passed to eliminate trusts, monopolies, or any agreement that restrained trade? Sherman Antitrust Act 67. Which organization of craft unions focused on improving wages and working conditions? Samuel Gompers's American Federation of Labor 68. Where were nineteenth-century immigrants processed prior to entry into the United States? Catalina and Manhattan Islands 69. Which group of presidents is in correct chronological order? Washington, Jefferson, Jackson, Lincoln 70. Which group of innovations and inventions is in correct chronological order? cotton gin, reaper, telephone, box camera 71. Which statement is true of relations between Native Americans and the colonies or the United States between 1607 and 1900? The desire for land led colonists, and then the United States government and people, to push Indians off their land and destroy their way of life.