In The Book Siddhartha How Does He Learn The 4 Noble Truths.

What are the Four Noble Truths of Buddhism?

The Four Noble Truths are as follows:The truth of dukkha (it exists). Often translated as suffering, but deeper than that also discontenment, dissatifaction, etc. – to include grief/anguish, guilt, fear/anxiety, and feelings of inadequacy and incompleteness. Also discontent of all kinds due to aging, sickness, death (of loved ones and of oneself), and not getting what one wants.The truth of the origin of dukkha. This is craving…or desire with attachment. You need it…or you can’t be happy. Primarily, it is attachment to three kinds of desire: desire for sense pleasures, desire to become, and desire to get rid of. But also, clinging onto what is and repelling what is – which is impermanent and changing.The truth of the cessation of dukkha. It is possible for dukkha to cease.The truth of the path to the cessation of dukkha – which is the Noble Eightfold Path.(taken from Introduction into Buddhism: Four Noble Truths and Noble Eightfold Path)The first is obvious…there is suffering and discontent.The second is realized when delving into dukkha and realizing the origin of dukkha.The third is not obvious, but suffering has ceased for me…so I would agree that it is possible for dukkha to cease.The fourth is the path…but they are all pretty much contained in the first…right view or understanding. With right understanding, dukkha ceases. With right understanding, you cease craving and attachment. My own experience has confirmed this. I no longer suffer or am discontent because of the understanding I now have.So I would say the Four Noble Truths of Buddhism are true. Of course, you will only know if they are true if you recognize dukkha, see it’s origin, and see dukkha cease for yourself. Only your own experience will prove its truth.

In the novel Siddhartha, in the end, does Siddhartha turn into the reincarnation of the Buddha? Was he always the Buddha?

I have the impression that existing answers talk about the historical Buddha.As it mentioned a novel my guess is that it is about the Herman Hesse Siddhartha (novel).I read it a long time ago and remember little so not sure how exact is the following answer, but as far as it relates to Buddhism I'd like to point out that it is not a Buddhist novel depicting usual Buddhist doctrines, it is a fictional one just set in such an environment but talking about author's personal ideas and philosophies more than strictly Buddhist ones. Seems to me that we might see some individualistic and humanistic psychological/developmental ideas in there with much more drama and ups and downs than in the usual Buddhist biographies (or hagiographies).That said I believe he did find enlightenment. Whether that would be considered a Buddhist understanding of enlightenment I do not know, can't remember the details. I don't think we should consider am a reincarnation of the (Historical Buddha). While in the story there are some parallels he also meets the Buddha (I assume supposedly the historical Siddhartha Gautama? Though again it is a fictional story, so looking for such parallels might be useless).So my best guess is that [in the interpretation of the author's understanding of it] he has become a Buddha, not the historical Buddha or his reincarnation.Also while some traditions might consider every Buddha an emanation of the primordial one (Adi-Buddha) the very definition of a Buddha as someone who has gone out of the Samsaric circle would usually imply not being reincarnated again, so a reincarnation of a Buddha might be a bit oxymoronic.

What gap does Siddhartha find in Gotama's teachings?

Siddhartha and Govinda arrive in a Jetavana grove, which is the happening spot for Gotama Buddha.They spend the night; in the morning they find that a massive crowd has gathered to hear the Buddha speak. Siddhartha and Govinda are immediately able to identify the Buddha (he’s the godly one) among the crowd of Yellow-Robed Men. There are a LOT of Yellow-Robed Men.The Buddha appears endlessly peaceful, light, quiet, and contented.Although Siddhartha feels there is little new information he can learn from the Buddha’s teachings, he intently studies the Buddha’s behavior.The Buddha teaches all the usual stuff including the Four Noble Truths and the Eight Fold path. Govinda asks to be accepted into his community of followers.Govinda is accepted, and urges Siddhartha to join him.Siddhartha assures Govinda that he doesn’t dislike the Buddha, per se, it’s just that yellow isn’t his color.Sorry. We may have fibbed a little.While Siddhartha recognizes the Buddha’s holiness, he believes enlightenment must be experienced, not taught.The two men stop in the woods to speak with the Buddha.Siddhartha admires the Buddha’s teaching that the world is a complete, unbroken chain of cause and effect. However, he doesn’t understand the doctrine of salvation and escape from the world if in fact the world is eternally one.The Buddha admits the flaw, but reminds Siddhartha that the goal of the teachings is to relieve suffering, not to describe the universe.Siddhartha argues the impossibility of reaching enlightenment via others’ teachings. Enlightenment, Siddhartha says, is something a man must do alone.The Buddha smiles and departs.

What were Siddhartha's beliefs?

Siddhartha Gautama is the founder of Buddhism. He was a philosopher on the subject of life and came up with several teachings for the purpose of ending suffering, and encourage each follower of Buddhism to reach personal spiritual enlightenment and wisdom.The Four Noble TruthsHuman life is filled with suffering.The cause of suffering is desire, because humans always want what they don’t already have.Suffering will end when one liberates themselves from desire.Release and freedom from desire will occur as a consequence from following the Eightfold path.The Eightfold PathNote that the Eightfold path are not perfect steps to live a life of perfection, but instead elements that each Buddhist should practice at one to live a life of wisdom and joy.Each Buddhist should have “Right understanding” meaning each individual should grasp the Four Noble TruthsEach Buddhist must have “Right intention” meaning that the person must want change, not negative thoughts or feelings, specially desire.Each Buddhist must have “Right speech” meaning that each person must abide to honesty and not use abusive or coerce language.Each Buddhist must have “Right conduct.” meaning that each person’s actions must be without ego or vanity.Each Buddhist must have “Right occupation” meaning that each person should choose a job that is useful and does not involve things such as bloodshed, slavery or any other crimes.Each Buddhist must have “Right effort” which means aspiring to cultivate spiritual self-knowledge and self-discipline.Each Buddhist must have “Right mindfulness” which means avoiding radicalism or extremes in any type of action or emotions. Extremes include things such as sloth, low self-confidence and violence.Each Buddhist must have “Right concentration” which means being concerned and practice meditation as often as necessary for the individual.Spiritual laws recognized by BuddhismAnatta - There is no such thing as soul in each person. Instead, there are lots of factors that are constantly changing, developing and growing.Samsara - The eternal round of death and rebirth.Karma - A person’s actions in one life affects the outcomes of his live into the next.Nirvana - The ultimate goal of Buddhism, a state of enlightenment in the mind, the supreme spiritual position, a freedom from suffering and desire. The wisest position an individual human can reach.This is Buddhism and Buddha’s beliefs in the most basic of forms. I hope this helped.