Paleolithic to Neolithic societies?
1. http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/596729/from_paleolithic_to_neolithic_the_transition.html 2. http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_caused_the_transition_from_paleolithic_to_neolithic_age 3. http://daphne.palomar.edu/mhudelson/StudyGuides/PaleoNeo_WA.html 4. http://www.answers.com/topic/three-age-system 5. http://wps.ablongman.com/long_stearns_wc_4/0%2C8725%2C1123074-%2C00.html The main reason of answer for the transition is only one word= AGRICULTURE But this should be plenty of links for you.
In what ways did various Paleolithic societies differ from one another, and how did they change over time?
Environment and climate. Humans are opportunists, and as they moved into new environments, they would adapt to the local fauna. In some areas they might hunt sea mammals, another gather wild nuts, and in another they might fish, gather shellfish, or net seabirds. How did they change over the entire Palaeolithic? Lower palaeolithic: I guess that early homo, were mainly foragers and carrion scavengers on the African savannah and forest edge, before spreading out to Asia. Stone tool-making seems to have been an almost biologically inherited behaviour, with little deviation from the Acheulian kit for many thousands of years - as though there was no personal ingenuity. Middle Palaeolithic - humans had evolved to local conditions and into a number of types across the Old World - Europe, Asia, and Africa. They still subsisted on a hunting-gathering economy. Foraging, and hunting - often in direct close contact with their prey. Toolkits becoming a bit cleverer and more diverse, including the Mousterian of Europe. Signs that Neanderthals had compassion, music, and a belief in after-life. Upper Palaeolithic - Still hunter-gatherers, but tool kits now far advanced, including some very neat stone / flint work, spear throwers - maybe even the bow and the dog towards the end. Cognitive abilities and art - as good as anything that follows.
What are differences between the Paleolithic, and Neolithic time periods?
Paleolithic age (500,000 B.C. – 8000 B.C.)The people of this age were mainly hunting and food gathering people.They used unpolished, undressed rough stone tools and lived in cave and rock shelters.They mainly used hand axes, cleavers, choppers, blades, scrapers and burin. Their tools were made of a hard rock called ‘quartzite’. Hence, the men of this age are also called ‘Quartzite men’.It was observed that the men of this age belonged to the negrito race- the several ethnic groups who inhabit the isolated parts of south-east asia.Neolithic age(6000 B.C. - 1000 B.C.)During this time period, the people used stones other than quartzite for making tools, which were more lethal, more polished, sharp and finished.Cultivation of land began in neolithic era and men started domesticating cattle, sheep and goat.They lived in caves, knew fire and pottery, designed the walls of their caves with hunting and dancing scenes. They also knew how to make boats. They could weave cotton and woolen clothes.In the later phase, people led a more settled life and lived in circular and rectangular house made of mud and reed.
Why might Paleolithic societies have been organized into small bands?
They're about the largest amount of people that it's practical to sustain on a hunting and gathering lifestyle in one group
How did the paleolithic and neolithic ages differ?
In the Paleolithic era, people lived by hunter gathering. The men would hunt for meat, while th ewomen and children gathered roots, nuts, berries, eggs, shellfish, edible insects, anything that they could find. The made their clothes out of skins,a nd also used plant fibres. They would keep possessions to a minimum, as they would be often on the move. They would have plenty of leisure time, as people in surviving hutner-gatherer communities do today. In Neolithic times, people began living in settled communities and living by farming. This was a big change, as farming is much harder work than hunter-gathering,a nd they would spend much more time working. It gave them the opportunity to develope skills like building, pottery, spinning and weaving, carpentry etc.
How are the first civilizations different from Paleolithic and Neolithic societies?
Your question is indirect from my perspective. It leads me to think that you are asking a question on the premise that society was greatly different about 2,000 years ago from Neolithic. But in my mind Neolithic society is where we utilize agriculture (Which is widely believed to have been discovered within the neolithic era) and cities the way we think of them are built. Society is starting to look more like what we have more familiarity with than purely nomadic societies.(Nomadic societies still survive today in some remote pockets of the world.)The neolithic Era started following the last ice age and lasted about 6,000 years and ended between 4.500 BCE to 2000 BCE. It was in the neolithic time that the shift happened. We started trying to stay put, and that took planning long term.The paleolithic era was a massive period of time in comparison to Neolithic.The paleolithic era spanned from about 2.6 million up until the last Ice age, which was about 10,000 years ago. Saw many species of upright human kind fight to survive. Our anatomical human ancestors show up in Africa about 200,000 years ago. Many cyclical ice ages over that period of time impacting the rise and falls of the many bipedal human species. Homo Erectus likely discovered the uses of fire and the control of it about 2 million years ago near the early paleolithic era. Neanderthals flourished in Ice age Europe up until they were absorbed by the human population that migrated about 35,000 years ago. As many europeans genetics show the connection.The paleolithic era was markedly different from the Neolithic for some, but the few that lived in fortified cities and ate mass agriculture and grain were actually the few, not the many. Farming moved across the planet over hundreds of years and the way of life eventually took over towards the end of the neolithic age and History as we know it begins.
How did the role of women change during the Neolithic Revolution?
Well, prior to the Neolithic revolution, people were mainly hunter-gatherers, and women generally do the gathering in such socieites. They would have spent much of thei rtime searching for edibles like nuts, berries, roots, eggs, molluscs, etc. Children would help when they were old enough. women would probably also have been responsible for preparing the food, and for makingclothing from animal skins, plant fibres etc. After the Neolithic revolution, when people began to live in settled communities rather than being nomadic, people worked significantly harder. In primitive agricultural societies, it is often women who do the growing of crops, and this may have been the case in early agricultural societies in the neolithic era. women would also be responsible for grinding corn, a traditional female activity in societies that still live in this way. Spinning and weaving are other tasks that are generally done by women in such societies, cloth production was a mainly female activity in this period, and until the medieval era. Women may also have made pottery. Generally, women would have worked harder in agricultural societies than in hunter-gatherer societies, as would men. Farming is a much harder way of life than is hunter-gathering. There is also some evidence that people's health declined somewhat when they changed from hunter-gathering to agriculture. The diet of hunter-gatherers - wild game, fruit, nuts etc, is generally healthier and more nourishing than the grain-based diet of agricultural societies. And it causes less tooth decay etc.