Are men lifetime carriers for HPV?
I know that men usually DON’T get any signs of having it but I am really asking is if are men carriers for life once they get it. Ive read severl articles on the internet which are confusing me. I’ve read the statement below in many, many different articles. “The agency states that "there is no clear health benefit to knowing if men have this virus, since HPV is unlikely to affect their health and cannot be treated. For most men, there would be no need to treat HPV, even if treatment were available, since it usually goes away on its own."” The following statement I’ve only read from Yahoo’s Answers “Most people do build immuity to their HPV type, and we can’t give that type again but it can reactive in time of a weak immune systme and you can acquire new HPV types with a new sex partner.” http://ca.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080508121825AAJqnZ5 Apparently the "agency" doesnt care if men continue to infect women with HPV.
What is Measles and what are the causes of this desease?
Measles Also known rubeola means red spots H/O measles is probably as ancient as human civilization Was confused with small pox. In 1690 Thomas Sydenham gave first accurate description Problem Endemic in all parts of the world Epidemics occur when susceptible children reach 40% When occurs in virgin community 90 % of that community will be infected Case fatality rate in developing countries is 2-15%, in developed world it is 0.2/10,000 Measles virus a.RNA paramyxo virus b.rapidly inactivated by heat, light, acidic pH, ether, c.and trypsin. It has a short survival time (<2 hours) in the air, or objects and surfaces. d.The primary site of infection is the respiratory epithelium of the nasopharynx. e.The virus can not survive outside human body but retains activity when stored at subzero temperature. Source of infection- case of measles. Carriers not known. Infective material-Secretions of respiratory tract. Communicability- 4days before and 5 days after rash Secondary attack rate -- 80 % in house hold contacts Measles Epidemiology Reservoir: Human Transmission: Respiratory; Air borne Temporal Pattern: Peak in late winter-spring Communicability: 4 days before to 4 days after rash onset Measles Clinical Case Definition Generalized rash lasting >3days, and Cough or coryza or conjunctivitis Rash of measles 2-4 days after prodrome, 14 days after exposure Maculopapular, becomes confluent Begins on face and head Persists 5-6 days Fades in order of appearance
Why is measles amenable to eradication?
Measles is amenable to eradication for a number of reasons.There is only one serotype of the virus.The virus cannot survive outside the human body for a long time.The only source of infection is a case of measles,carriers are not known to occur.Measles infection usually confers life long immunity.T he measles vaccine is an effective vaccine, and proper vaccination coverage will ensure reduction in cases.All these reasons taken together make measles a disease which can be eradicated in the near future.
What are the odds of being a healthy carrier of measles after vaccination?
While no vaccine is 100 percent effective, so it’s always possible (although not probable) to get a disease even though you’re vaccinated. However, if you’re not vaccinated, and you are exposed to the virus, you are much more likely to come down with measles.Measles | Frequently Asked Questions about Measles in U.S. | CDC
How likely am I to get Measles if I have been immunized?
http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/H... explains it all.eta. now that the author has edited the question to clarify what is the risk to someone vaccinated against measles,I can add a couple more things.1. many adults are under vaccinated as the current dosage of the measles vaccine has increased over the years. Some adults may have never gained immunity even if they got their shots, just due to chance. And we are still learning about the need for booster shots in adults (whooping cough needs them, for example).2. No vaccination will guarantee 100% protection against illness. While the measles vaccine is pretty good, it only offers 80% to 90% protection. So there is a chance that even a fully immunized person could get sick (though likelihood is less severely). Even so, measles can be very serious, especially in someone who already has health issues or is pregnant.3. And then there is the basic concern for those who are unable to be vaccinated. I would presume it would be devastating to learn a neighbor's infant died of measles, even if you personally would not get sick.4. I do wonder about the ability for vaccinated people to be unwilling carriers of a disease (it is certainly possible, as people have pox parties by sharing infected lollipops. I know that measles is pretty virulent). I presume that if you can get sick, you can pass it on to others. Killing your grandmother with measles, even unintentionally, would feel really bad...here is a good article about the outbreak in NY http://shotofprevention.com/2014...herd immunity is an important concept to understand why lowering the prevalence of a disease lowers the risk for everyone.eta 2 because I needed to know. It turns out that asymptomatic carriage of the measles virus in the vaccinated is low but present in adults (under 10%), and higher in children (up to 30%). Obviously the risk of asymptomatic carriage increases with the level of exposure to the virus.This research does not include physical carriage or transmission (I.E. on hands, doorknobs, etc).http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pu...
Do illegal aliens bring measles, as described by Rep. Mo Brooks (R-Ala.)?
I haven't heard the comments by the Congressman directly but he clearly has an agenda against immigrants and has stated he is willing to do anything apart from shooting them to garner support for it: The general movement of people between nations can cause the spread of disease as we have seen with the ebola virus, That is, anybody can act as a vector. This includes someone going on, or returning from vacation or a business trip. If you are immunized you often do not become infectious as your antibodies will rapidly destroy the infection before that stage. So ensuring everyone is vaccinated is important in helping prevent the spread of diseases. So while his statements have an element of truth to them, they are obviously not meant to address the problem. His statements are like saying, "Black people are racists. " While true of a small subset, it doesn't address the broader problem and its causes.
Why are officials concerned about a measles outbreak if most everyone has been vaccinated?
Measles require between 83%-94% compliance to prevent a measles outbreak. There will always be some people who cannot take the vaccine due to medical reasons. The vaccine does not work 100% of the time. These medical facts alone put us just above the edge of herd immunity. We need over 95% of the population to get the vaccine. In 2000, measles was considered eradicated in the USA. Due to the rise of the anti-vaccination movement, the vaccination rates have dropped below the 95%. When you have a large number of kids with a less than optimal herd immunity, then measles (and other diseases) will occur. According to WHO:http://www.who.int/mediacentre/f... "Measles is a highly contagious, serious disease caused by a virus. In 1980, before widespread vaccination, measles caused an estimated 2.6 million deaths each year. The disease remains one of the leading causes of death among young children globally, despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine. Approximately 145 700 people died from measles in 2013 – mostly children under the age of 5."There is no debate. The science if very clear on this issue. These organisms do not care about ones ideologies. If we do not have vaccination compliance, children will get sick and die.That is why health officials are concerned.Sources:http://www.washingtonpost.com/po... http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-... http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/wp-c...
A three-year-old is not vaccinated, and there is now a measles outbreak in her state. Are there any suggestions for precautions that can be taken to protect her?
I feel like I've seen this before. But I'm going say this if you cannot vax because of a medical issue or sever allergy, make sure everyone is vaccinated around you, right now my fiance runs in to the stores and me an the little one stay inside the car. We are skipping our yearly trip to our anime convention to keep him safe. Im also not doing any work at my daughters school because the 6th grade is only half vaccinated and I would have to take him with me. Theres honestly not a whole lot you can do but hope the people around you wont make her sick.And if your one of those lovely anti vaxxers. I think you need to,maybe, get her vaccinated or sit in you house all day and never leave until it's, well, passed. It's really not fair to people who cant get vaccinated and the measles can be deadly and is extremely contagious. It lasts in the air for 2 HOURS and infects 16 to 18 people from one person. Its outrageous.And if she gets the measles and survives she can die years later from a thing called SSPE (look it up) subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Which cause seizures, full paralysis and death. I honestly dont know one parent who would let their child suffer like that because they dont want “poison” injected into their children and its unfair to parents who cant vaccinate to have to watch their child die from something that was totally preventable. So maybe rethink your decision.As parent of a small infant, rainbow baby, after 2 losses, who cant be vaccinated because he is to young I can tell you unvaccinated children like yours scare the shit out of me. I dont want to lose another child because my son cant get vaccinated from a preventable disease because someone else didnt vaccinate theirs.
What is the difference between carrier state organism and normal microbial flora?
Normal flora are found normally in the human organism and do not cause disease. The carrier state is when the human organism is colonized by pathogens that normally do cause disease, but are not doing so in that particular individual at present time. These generally are not routinely or normally found in humans that are not sick.