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What is the importance of the old public administration to the modern public administration?

Public administration is like many professions that have existed for long periods of time. In many ways they are the same, in others they are radically different, and the change in the profession that happens over time is comprised of many smaller, individual changes.The reason those changes happen are often necessary, or at least for a purpose. Public administration has changed from what is was in the past, to what it is in the present, because it was necessary that it do so.The importance of how things were done in the past is measured by how useful it is to us now. Where conventions, processes, strategies or approaches are no longer useful or simply are impractical, they are left behind. An example of this would be the approach to freedom of information. Before 2000 there was no right of the public to the information that public authorities possess, and this created a culture where information was only shared on a need to know basis (and the public weren’t considered as needing to know anything other than what was strictly necessary).After the Freedom of Information Act 2000 came into effect, there was suddenly a legal duty to release information unless there was a qualified reason not to. This didn’t change transparency of public authorities overnight, because it took a long time for them to have processes in place to deliver on that duty, and more importantly a change in the culture that meant that people accepted information had to be shared, which has now become something that all public servants now include in their planning for all storage and communication of information. A modern civil servant will accept and act on the basis that anything she writes will potentially be shared by the public, and will be able to work perfectly effectively knowing that. Such a thing would have been unthinkable even as much as 30 years ago.In the case of freedom of information, the past and previous ways of doing things are irrelevant to now and are in no way important.It would depend very much which aspect of public administration you’re considering to be able to say much more than this.Thanks for the A2A Kelvin Edes.

Are U2 still relevant in music?

There are a couple of different issues involved in this question:First, about relevance:Mozart stopped releasing new music a long time ago, but I don't know of a single person who would claim that he is no longer relevant in music. As long as U2 wrote songs and/or albums that are relevant to music, then they remain relevant to music. I think U2 - even though I don't enjoy them - are relevant in that they wrote music that has inarguably had an influence on the music that came after it.Contrast to a band like Pat Benetar, which enjoyed fabulous success at the same time as the height of U2's popularity, but which fails to inspire new fans today. (Don't shoot the messenger - I like Pat Benetar.)Second, about being a "corporate band":This may seem hard to believe, but any band that has ever had a major record deal is a "corporate band." For the most part, anti-corporatism is a carefully cultivated illusion. Those few bands that ever had that kind of integrity eventually left their major labels in order to be free to pursue their own creativity. A few examples: Rush, Frank Zappa, Pearl Jam, Primus, and so forth. The fact that Rage Against the Machine has always had big record label money behind it should clue you in to the fact that their rage is mostly just a marketing gimmick. The perception of rebellion sells, but true rebellion is commercial suicide. A great example of that is the fact that Prince's record sales started to decline the minute he thwarted Warner Bros.' ability to promote him; he rebelled, won his artistic freedom, wrote (IMHO) the most amazing music of his career, and... lost a lot of his popularity.

How can I view top comments instead of newest comments on the Facebook app for Android?

If you type #hashtag it generally reflects latest comments or posts related to the tag. But when you search for some specific item and mention some name with it you will get further filtered comments. But what this question aims is not available, then you might need to use some external social media search tool to get highly views, liked or reacted comments.Try this trick :Image Source : How to make ''top comment'' in viewing comments instead of ''mos...Here is a little take from facebook’s group on this matter :the default display for comments is "Chronological" instead of "Top Comments." The "Chronological" setting displays all the comments, with the newest at the bottom. If the list of comments is huge, it will take a few clicks of a "More Comments" link to reveal them all. In any case, this is *much* better than what we hadI see the option to view comments unfiltered or chronologically on my computer, but does anyone know how to do it in the app?This is great, in most stories the option to view unfiltered comments doesn't even show up. Now it seems the bigger the discussion the less I can take part. Viewing two comments out of fifty.Source : How do I make 'Top Comments (Unfiltered)' the default for my new...You may even try few Social Media Search Engines :Free Social Media Search EngineSocial Media Search ToolThe only non profit search engine, non profit Social network, not for profit Social network, not for profit search engineTwitter Advanced SearchAddictomatic: Inhale the WebThe Social White Pagestwitter real-time monitoring and analyticsWhile finding the post that you need do read the blog post 7 best ways to promote by social media marketing companies in kolkata to learn more on social media.

How do people know that Job is the oldest book of the Bible?

Because it was written by Moses, who started the recorded history of the Jewish people. Whether it is the oldest, is something we will have to ask Moses in the resurrection.Moses was the writer of it. While during the 40 years in the wilderness, he wrote it, as well as the 4 books that open the Bible. Moses also spent 40 years in Midian, not far from Uz, where he could obtain the detailed information recorded in Job. Just because the Israelites spent those 4 decades in the Sinai, doesn’t mean that they did not have travelers pass by them and informed them of what had happened in other places. Later, when he passed near Job’s homeland during Israel’s 40-year wilderness journey, Moses could learn of and record the concluding details in the book.The scenes that are recorded in Chapters 1 and 2, could also have been given to Moses by divine inspiration, or after the closing accounts of Job, that God revealed to Job what had lead to the satanic attack on him and his family.The time period appears to be after Joseph died, and before God choose Moses to lead the Israelites out of Egypt: Over 140 years between 1657 and 1473 B.C.E. It is likely too, that Job was a distant relative to Abraham, because that was the area that Abraham left for his life in Canaan.Why was this book written, and what value does it have for us today? The answer is indicated in the meaning of Job’s name: “Object of Hostility.” Yes, this book takes up two important questions: Why do the innocent suffer? Why does God permit wickedness in the earth? We have the record of Job’s suffering and his great endurance for our consideration in answering these questions. It has all been written down, just as Job requested.—Job 19:23, 24.(Job 19:23, 24) 23 If only my words were written down, If only they could be inscribed in a book! 24 O that they were carved forever in the rock, With an iron stylus and lead!