Can encephalopathy cause long term brain dysfunction/cognitive deficits without causing permanent brain damage?
No. To say otherwise would be to indicate that cognition is produced by something other than the brain. If there is cognitive dysfunction, then there is parenchymal dysfunction.As was noted by Dr.Soso, no simple answer exists. So, let look through every ICD-10 disorders with “encephalopathy” in it.Hepatic encephalopathy - WikipediaUnless liver failure is corrected, can be fatal. Sequelae is common, and most do not regain function.[1]Toxic encephalopathy - WikipediaEven if the offending substance is removed, sequelae have been observed 10 years afterwords. Pretty much “permanent”.[2]Hashimoto's encephalopathy - WikipediaAn examination of literature found that ceasing treatment results in sustained remission in 90% of patients, but that children frequently suffer from what can be considered “permanent” sequelae,[3] although adults tend to fare better.MELAS syndrome - WikipediaProgressive and fatal. “Permanent”Leigh disease - WikipediaProgressive and fatal. “Permanent”Glycine encephalopathy - WikipediaProgressive and fatal. “Permanent”Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy - WikipediaMost commonly occurs in the elderly. More or less “pragmatically permanent”. Not much recovery happens in the elderly.Wernicke's encephalopathy - WikipediaCan actually improve with cessation of (usually) alcohol use, and administration of thiamine. Highly dependent upon pre-morbid health(i.e. alcoholism, drug abuse).Hypertensive encephalopathy - WikipediaMore or less full recovery usually occurs in those who are treated properlyChronic traumatic encephalopathy - WikipediaProgressive, even after cessation traumatic sports or activities. For all purposes “permanent”.Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy - WikipediaProgressive, fatal. For all purposes “permanent”.Footnotes[1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc...[2] Chronic toxic encephalopathy caused by occupational solvent exposure[3] A case of Hashimoto's encephalopathy presenting with seizures and psychosis
Can heat or elevated body temperature cause intracranial hypertension?
I recently wrote a case report on a patient with idiopathic intracranial hypertension. And from all the research I went through, elevated body temperature did not seem to be a cause.The unfortunate thing is we don’t actually know the real cause. One of the most popular theories is that the venous sinuses which drain the brain’s blood undergo stenosis (restricting), hence there is more blood in the brain, causing IIH. The sinuses also drain CSF, meaning that the stenosis of the larger of the two sinuses could stagnate both blood flow and CSF flow out of the brain.Only three things exist in the brain which can cause increased ICP - brain tissue itself, blood and CSF. So the theory I explain above means CSF and blood flow blockage would be the cause.Whether a temperature-increase would change this or not - I’m unsure. If I had to wager, I guess I would say it could make it slightly worse, but certainly not be a cause in and of itself.
What is the current scientific consensus about the health hazards of Wi-Fi and other electromagnetic radiation involved in mobile computing?
The consensus is that electromagnetic radiation of relatively low intensity (read: anything with less power density than a microwave oven) is quite harmless. I've read quite a few studies, and all of them say the same thing -- "There is no evidence to suggest that this is harmful." If they *do* say it's harmful, then run it through the Crackpot index and you'll find you're looking at a crazy person making unjustifiable claims.For low levels of power, photon energies must be greater than or comparable to the bonding energy of various molecules in the body to be harmful. Unless you're not a carbon-based life form, the lowest bonding energies are in the range of 3 eV -- corresponding to ultraviolet radiation.For high levels of power, on the other hand, it's a matter of heat transfer, not a matter of radiation exposure. The harm is in whether or not it transfers heat into you faster than your normal mechanisms can dissipate it (e.g. sweat). In that case, lamps are much more dangerous than Wi-Fi.
Is it possible for someone with BPD to also have DID?
Rhys Weaver ‘s answer was very interesting and it seems spot on. He is not a psychologist or a psychiatrist though, so take it with a grain of salt.The short answer is yes. They can be co-morbid. But it’s a complex issue and hard to assess and to diagnose, because DID is actually very rare and people who have BPD have their personality fragmented and sometimes it may look like they have DID, but that is not the case. Last year I thought that I have DID because my personality is literally split in two. But after talking to a professional I understand that I have an abnormal borderline adaptation because I had severe childhood trauma starting at 3 months old (many surgeries) that lasted until I was 5 and a half years old. This was coupled with a specific gene that I have and I suspect that it runs in my father’s side of the family. Because it was triggered, this gene made my brain to develop a fragmented unemotional self. This is a defense mechanism, not another personality. Also, it’s not a dissociative state. My unemotional self is always present, with the exception of when I’m depressed. Because of the chemical imbalance that takes place inside the brain, my defense mechanism cannot work properly, or at all. It got triggered again when I was about to commit suicide in 2015. It was not working at full capacity so to speak, because I was depressed and needed to correct the chemical imbalance with antidepressants. It was thanks to my unemotional side that I went to a psychiatrist in the first place. This “fragment” of my personality literally saved my life many many times. Basically it makes me my own hero and that’s pretty cool. :PI will admit that sometimes to me it seems that my unemotional side has a mind of its own. I’ve even asked my therapist if I’m crazy because of this. I was afraid that I might have schizophrenia, because it runs in both my parents’ side of the family. I don’t have it. I don’t hear voices. The simple way to put it is this (how my therapist explained it) : think of it as your conscious self communicating permanently with your unconscious self “out in the open.” More or less.Regarding DID co-morbid with BPD, I found this on Wikipedia:You can do some online research too, if this is something you’re interested in.Thanks for the request!