What is the caloric value of D5W?
Dextrose is a crystalline solid formed out of glucose and some "water of crystallization". The generally accepted caloric value for this is 3.4 Calories per gram. I capitalize the word "Calories" because there is a difference between the energy unit of "calorie" in physics, and the concept of a "food Calorie" which is really a kilocalorie, or 1000 calories. The proper way to disambiguate this is to capitalize food calories as "Calories", or just call them kcal. D5W is 5% dextrose. The concept of "%" in making up solutions is really "gram percent" meaning "grams of .... per 100 cubic centimeters". This means that there's 5 grams of glucose in 100 cc's of IV fluid. Therefore there are 50 grams in a 1 liter bag. 50 grams/liter x 3.4 Calories/gram = 170 Calories per liter. I hope that helps. EDIT: Please do not use 4 kcal per gram as mentioned below. Although it is true that you can use "4" to represent the number of food calories per gram of carbohydrate in orally ingested food, this is because ON AVERAGE the various kinds of carbohydrates have about 4 kcal per gram. Dextrose is a very precise unmixed carbohydrate. This sugar is chemically isolated and then crystalized. As the molecules pack together to form the crystalline solid, water molecules are entrapped into the crystal matrix at a known ratio. The water adds weight to the crystal but has no calories. The caloric content of the solid material decreases. In calculating the caloric value of IV fluid solutions, you need to use the value of 3.4 kcal per gram of dextrose. This is important because one of the main reasons the sugar is in there in the first place is so that enough energy is supplied by the IV solution to counteract the tendency for patients to digest their own protein stores as energy while they aren't taking in nutrition. If you overestimate the amount of energy that you're giving your patient, you will under-deliver, and the patient will more likely be digesting their own stored protein. Later, you may want to learn about actually delivering total nutrition by IV solution, and when you do, making accurate caloric requirement and delivery estimations is essential.
Equation story problem. (please help)...?
I am assuming that, after cutting out two partial lines which appear to have been pasted in from another problem, the actual question is this one: 2. Celia and Ryan are starting a nutrition program. Celia currently consumes 1200 calories a day and will increase that number by 100 calories each day. Ryan currently consumes 3230 calories a day and will decrease that number by 190 each day. They will continue this pattern until they are both consuming the same number of calories per day. In how many days will that be? Let d represent the number of previous days previous to any particular day. Then Celia's calorie consumption is 1200+100d and Ryan's is 3230-190d and we're looking for when they'll be equal: 1200 + 100d = 3230 - 190d 100d + 190d = 3230 - 1200 290d = 2030 d = 2030/290 = 7 So after 7 days--that is, on the 8th day--Celia should be consuming 1200 + 7(100) = 1900 calories and Ryan should be consuming 3230 - 7(190) = 1900 calories. This is on the 8th day after the last day on which they both consume their starting numbers of calories--the 7th day of changes to their diets. It would be nice if I could give a single number, but the way the question was written makes it unclear which day is the starting day in the count.
0 sugar, 0 calories Monster drink... still terribly bad for you?
Alright, so I walked into a gas station today, planning to pick up some AZ Ice Tea, and I saw this new Monster in the drink case! It has 0 calories, and 0 sugar. I used to drink monsters, but I stopped because people told me they were SUPER bad for you (because of all the sugar and other stuff). I also stopped so I could get my body into better shape. So now I'm wondering... with no calories or sugars, can it still be that bad for you? My intuition tells me that they replace the calories and sugars with other crap that's just as terrible for you, but I don't know for sure... anybody care to shed some light on this situation?
Is alcohol going to make me fat?
Since August I've lost 55 pounds and I want to lose more and keep it off. My main concern about gaining weight is alcohol. In my first year at university I drank heavily and gained 20 pounds; I used to get drunk 3 or 4 times a week and eat crap on top of that. Now these days I dont drink much; I did quit drinking for a few months, now I've decided to start again, but I know I dont need to get ridiculously drunk like I did before. I stick to alcohol which has less calories like a single vodka and diet coke. Before I drank everything like alcopops, shots, wine, sometimes cocktails, jagerbombs. I went out last night and put a shot of vodka in my coffee (lol i was just feeling inventive) and when I went out I had a single vodka and diet coke. All in all that was probably 150 cals altogether. I stuck to my daily calories allowance, I had slightly less than 1500 cals including the alcohol and I went to the gym yesterday and danced. Will I still gain weight, because I know alcohol affects fat burning or something and I know alocohol can make you bloated; it bloated me a lot at uni. Do you think 2-4 drinks on a night out like diet coke with vodka, malibu or bacardi (all with leas fat) would be ok?