What are cone-bearing plants and spore-bearing plants, and what are their differences?
Cone-bearing plants have pollen and seeds. Spore-bearing plants produce no pollen or seeds.Cone-bearing plants produce spores and gametes in addition to pollen and seeds, however spore-bearing plants are limited to spores and gametes, and produce no pollen or seeds.In cone-bearing plants, the dominant diploid (2n) multicellular sporophte generation produces haploid (n) spores by meiosis that develop by mitosis into the smaller multicellular haploid (n) gametophyte generation which produces haploid (n) gametes by mitosis.The multicellular haploid (n) female gametophyte generation that produces haploid (n) eggs by mitosis, is dependent and housed within the dominant multicellular diploid (2n) sporophyte generation.The multicellular haploid (n) male gametophyte generation that produces haploid (n) sperm by mitosis is housed in pollen grains for dispersal.A diploid (2n) zygote is produced upon fertilization, that develops by mitosis into a diploid (2n) multicellular sporophyte embryo contained in a seed. If the seed germinates, the dominant diploid (2n) multicellular sporophyte generation will develop by mitosis.In spore-bearing plants, the above description still applies. However, the multicellular diploid (2n) sporophyte embryo is not contained in a seed. And, the multicellular haploid (n) gametophyte in not contained in pollen.With out pollen to disperse the multicellular haploid (n) gametophyte generation, the haploid (n) sperm produced by mitosis, must swim to the egg.Also, in some spore-bearing plants, the multicellular haploid (n) gametophyte generation is dominant, hosting the dependent multicellular diploid (2n) gametophyte generation. While in some spore-bearing plants, the multicellular diploid (2n) sporophyte generation is dominant, and the haploid (n) spores produced by meiosis are dispersed.
Do all plants produce spores?
No, all plants do not reproduce themselves by means of spores if that is what you meant. Spermatophytes are a division of plants that reproduce by seeds, the others by spores. However the seeds do start out as spores before they become seeds as this quote from the encyclopedia will highlight: "An example is the parent of gametophytes of the higher vascular plants (angiosperms and gymnosperms)—the microspores (give rise to pollen) and megaspores (give rise to ovules) found in flowers and cones; these plants accomplish dispersal by means of seeds."
What are the 2 types of spores produced by higher plants and how do they differ from each other?
Megaspores, microspores In angiosperm and gymnosperm plant's ovules (megasporangia) produce megaspores that mature into the female gametophytes inside the flower ovary or under the cone scale. The male sporangium produces the microspores. Each microspore is a single cell that grows into a mature gametophyte (multicelled pollen grain) with a reduced antheridium to generate sperm nuclei. These are in male cones in gymnosperm or in anthers in angiosperm.
The spores that plants produce develop into the?
d. gametophyte stage
In what two ways are the spores of land plants different from the spores of algae?
Spores of land plants do not have swimming motility in that they do not have cilia or flagella. Spores of algae are swimming motile.
Plant spores give rise directly to..?
The spores germinate into gametophytes. The gametophytes make gametes, which fertilise each other to make an embryo. This embryo grows into a sporophyte, which produces spores. The only plants where each phase exists separately of each other are ferns. In all others, the stages are nearly vestigial, and are actually contained *inside* the other plant.
How do spore-bearing plants reproduce?
That’s kind of asking “What do winged animals use to fly?” Spores are ready to go, clones of the parent organism. Like a plant that produced a fully fertilized seed without a male plant, or male part, being required.While spores produce clones of the spore producer, some plants, such as ferns, have a phenomenon called ‘alternation of generations’. In this scheme, the ‘sporangiophyte’ form (the big pretty fern plant that many people use for decoration), drops spores that grow into these weird looking little tiny one leaf plants. These plants reproduce sexually and technically are the same species as the normal fern that dropped the spore that grew them. In this form, they can exchange genetic information with other plants and thereby gain diversity. When one of these funky little ‘gametophyte’ forms gets fertilized, it produces a seed. That seed grows into another of the large ‘sporangiophyte’ ferns. Rinse and repeat.Fungi just do spore after spore after spore. Essentially, a mushroom bed is all really the same mushroom over and over again, connected by the same underground mycelium (analogous to root system). The spores produced by the fruiting bodies of the mushrooms just let the DNA of that colony blow somewhere else and possibly establish a whole new colony.