What Causes Us To Have Different Sensory Experiences From Light Vibrations In The Air Or

What causes us to have different sensory experiences from light, vibrations in the air, or chemicals in our m?

Even if the action potential is al that is generated , the quantum of action potential generated also matters along with which sensory organ is receiving the stimulus.

Assume you are enjoying rain in your backyard, when you hear the rain drops tackel the ground at large distances will provide less stimulus than those drops falling near you.

when drops fall on your skin the amount of action potential generated against that stimulus is different than those which is received by your eyes.

Even our eyes have 3 colour receptors called cones which are' red ,blue and green cones' they when treated with different wavelength of light generates different action potential to provide different stimulation of colours.

thats it.

Hope you got satisfactory answer.

To what extent do our senses give us knowledge of the world as it really is?

Our senses give us only the mental impression that "something" exists. The sensations end at a part of the brain where the perception becomes the physical reality known by the mind. The mind does not know the "senses" and cognitive science cannot demonstrate that the mind is actually aware of the senses. For example, you are not aware of the variations of wavelengths in either vision or hearing; yet you have "perceptions" of what those changes in wavelengths mean to consciousness.

The next step after perception is identification, a process involving metaphysics and epistemology to abstract useful information from the perceptions. Perceptions without such identification would leave us as no more than an entity conscious of "things" without knowledge of "what" things.

How do we know that our human perception of reality corresponds to reality itself?

We have no basis to assume that our perception of reality ever resembles reality itself. What if all we have is the experience, only copies, but never the originals, and what if those copies only come to us through the medium of our senses while the originals exist independently of our means of perceiving them.
Say we are holding an apple
Our eyes absorb the color we know as red
Our hands feel it is not to heavy or light and that it is smooth
Our nose smells sweetness and no signs of unhealthiness
Our ears listen for any unusual noises
Our brain is sent all this information and approves
We take a bite and out taste buds approve.
Its an apple.
These are all the necessary senses we need to eat, avoid danger, and many other things in nature. But what else is there? What about this apple do we not know? What other information could be sent to the brain to describe this apple and change the way we see it?