What were Herbert Spencer's contributions to sociology?
Herbert Spencer is often referred to as the second founder of Sociology (Auguste Compte being the first). He is most famous for his assertion and belief that society shouldn’t ‘help’ the poor because that led to the survival of the weakest. He coined the phrase ‘survival of the fittest’, which was later seen as being the purview of Darwin (Spencer having posited this first). Accordingly, Spencer’s ideas are often referred to as Social Darwinism, even though these ideas were first applied to society rather than biology.Spencer’s ideas about the poor were controversial in his day, and continue to provide a more conservative view of society than many in the field.
What is the contribution of Comte to sociology?
Well, before going into the discussion about the contributions of Auguste Comte, let me throw some light on Ibn E Khaldun first. It was Khaldun who used the term “Umraniyat” in his book named Muqaddmah Ibn E Khaldun. The term Umraniyat means study of society that's most people are the view that Khaldun is the father of Sociology.Now coming to the contributions of Comte to the field of Sociology.Auguste Comte was basically a great French thinker and famous philosopher. He was born at Montpellier, France in 1798. He is known as the father of Sociology because for the first time he used the word Social Physics and later on coined the term Sociology in 1838.His well known contributions to the field of Sociology are described under:Coined the term SociologyMade a division of SociologySocial DynamicClassification of SciencesReligion of HumanityLaw of Three Stages. His lecture notes were published in between1830-1842 in six volumes named “Course De Philosophe”, or “Course of Positive Philosophy”. He died in 1857.
What is Karl Marx's contribution to sociology? How are these contributions still important today?
Karl Marx is a prominent pillar of sociology, and he is well established as classical thinker in sociology. His contribution is in many core areas of sociology such as political sociology,economic sociology, methodology, sociological theories as well as sociological thought. Beyond this, Marxist/Marxism itself as a perspective has a different angle/dimension to look at the social issue in sociology.from class formation to class conflict in conflict perspective, stages of development of society a historical analysis, mode of production, surplus production, capitalism, are one and unique, dialectal materialism a philosophical approach are few examples from many. Even now there is a school in Germany of Neo Marxists as critical sociology - Frankfurt School. Marx and his ideas are a big failure in 21st century, but Marx remains alive even in near future.His most of the theories are the focal point of discussion among the sociologists across the world. He changed the methodology of the historical analysis. Marx rejected the history of rise and fall of kings-kingdoms and their dynasties.His way of history is history of change of mode of production.Change of mode of production brings change in society. History contains the analysis mode of productions.In the beginning society was classless, so, in the last stage of development of society again society will be classless.Surplus production causes the creation of benefits through market, in later course that creates classes - proletariat and bourgeois.Through dialectal materialism he proved that material brings change in human as well as society. He corrected to Hegel through as Hegel was believing in spiritual dialectics. Though he borrowed the idea from Hegel, but he changed the entire perspective.Karl Marx witnessed the change happened across Europe in his life time, therefore he has been a great critique of industrialisation and it's post impact on society.He is often criticised on the basis that Marx was unaware of emergence of the middle class which is the centre of modern economy. And also, Marx was not aware of cooperative movement that is the backbone of many countries, that brought huge change in society.
Sociology help!!! have no clue?
What part of wikipedia don't you understand?? mine:http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index;...
How did sociology emerge ?
Trace the historical development of sociology from its beginnings in the 19th century to its growth as an academic discipline in the U.S. In the explanation include the factors contributing to the emergence of sociology (Comte, Marx, women sociologist- Harriet Martineau...etc)
What can/should I do (and read) before starting a MA in sociology?
You can study some basic books for the foundations of sociology if you have not been from the the sociology background.We can divide whole sociology into following partsBasic Sociology- principles- elements- units definitions etc.Sociological Thoughts- Different philosophers/thinkers and development and continuity of social thoughts.Sociological Theories- Classical and Contemporary theoriesSociological ResearchSpecialized/Advanced contentsFirst unit will be useful to understand society, association, group, crowd, norms, mores, and organisations, etc. plus its functional units. The books I would recommend as of my knowledge are - MacIver & Page - Society, Alex Inkles books on Foundations and what is sociology etc., Wilbert E Moore- on Social Change & Dynamics etc.Second Unit- Main Currents in Sociological Thoughts- by Raymond Aron. This book is in different volumes in three, but like novel one can read easily and very interesting. It will provide solid foundations for sociology including all thinkers from pre classical to classical- Montesquieu, Tocqueville, Comte and Durkheim etc.Third Unit- begin with easy but solid books on the subject- Abraham Francis- Sociological Thoughts and Modern Sociological Theories. Wolf and Wallace on Sociological Theories, George Ritzer on Sociological theories, Jonathan H Turner - Structure of Sociological Theories etc. Further, you can look for books you like as of your interest and needs.Fourth unit - Ranjit Kumar on Research Methodology- a simple book but will cover many things in general. Further you can read specialized books for different research tasks- such as statistics- qualitative and quantitative methods etc.After aforesaid activities- you can read Wallerstein, U Bech, Anthony Giddens, Samuel Huntington etc. to extend further on various branches of sociology. Find strong wings to fly high above in the sky of sociology limitlessly. Actually for PG in sociology solid foundation is needed especially the concepts - development and process etc. Then a person with Masters can do independent research and practice sociology fearlessly.
Match these sociologists...?
Answer the following questions in the paragraph below. This social scientist believed that economic determinism was the primary reason for social stratification ___(1)_______. This social scientist believed that bureaucracies had similarities that were referred to as the ‘idea type' ______(2)____. This socials scientist found that people who are married are less likely to commit suicide than are the unmarried ____(3)______. This social scientist believed in Social Darwinism and a survival of the fittest ideology ____(4)______. This social scientist utilized positivism to examine abstract social facts ____(5)______. This social scientist was the cofounder of the NAACP ____(6)______. In 1838, this social scientist was the author of ‘How to Observe Morals and Manners' __(7)________. A-1: Max Weber B-2: W.E.B. DuBois C-3: Emile Durkheim D-4: Auguste Comte E-5: Herbert Spencer F-6: Karl Marx G-7: Harriet Martineau
Who are the great philosophers that don't believe in god?
Look up a man called Friedrich Nietzsche (knee-cha) don't pronounce it wrong :PHe hated religion especially Christianity (for reasons ill explain)Kind of ironic since his dad was a priest. Nietzsche formed some of the best philosophical concepts like nihilism and existentialism (what I believe). He was one of the first to embrace self overcoming and created the idea of the Übermensch a morally superior man that's the goal of humanity when religion doesn't have merit anymore. Instead of being a normal agnostic of his days he openly and directly criticized Christianity. He held a firm belief that envy should not be looked down upon if its used for good. This ties back to Christianity because he concludes that Christianity truly spread in the late roman empire, followed by timid slaves who lacked the stomach to get what they truly wanted and followed a philosophy that virtue their cowardice.He said that Christians (termed "the herd" of cows) truly wanted a fulfilling life including wealth, social power, sex, and intellectual mastery etc. But they were unable to obtain it, so instead created a "hypocritical creed" by "denouncing what they wanted but were to weak to fight for, while praising what they didn't want but happened to have."So as explained by "the school of life" on Christianity in Nietzsche's viewSexlessness = PurityWeakness = GoodnessSubmission-to-people-one-hates = ObedienceNot-being-able-to-take-revenge = ForgivenessHe thought that Christianity was a bitter machine mounted on denial.As a side note Nietzsche also hated alcohol and compared it to Christianity because he hated that both "numbed pain, and reassured that everything was all right, sapping us the will to change our lives for the better" Please note that you can easily disagree with his statements, but consider if you are Christian, try and prove him wrong. I respect him as a great philosopher and his ideas are one to be studied and improved upon. So take life into your own hands and live to the fullest.