What is a polar solute?
Molecules having two oppositely charged poles are called polar molecules.The magnitude of electro negativity difference reflects the degree of polarity.A polar solvent is one with a bond between molecules with substantially different charges.Polar solutes are substances which dissolve in polar solvents, forming polar bonds or hydrogen bonds.A solute will dissolve in a solvent if the solute-solvent forces of attraction are great enough to overcome the solute-solute and solvent-solvent forces of attraction. Dissolution often occurs when the solute-solvent interactions are similar to the solvent-solvent interactions, signified by the term like dissolves like. Hence, polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents.
Can a non-polar solvent dissolve a non-polar solute?
The solubility of a solute or drug is mainly due to the polarity of the solvent due to the dielectric constant. A pharmacist needs to know what solvent he should use when trying to make a drug in solution. Therefore he needs to understand the interactions between a solvent and a solute. A major idea to remember is that LIKE DISSOLVES LIKE. This means that a polar solvent (high dielectric constant) will dissolve a polar solute and a nonpolar solvent (low dielectric constant) will dissolve a nonpolar solute. There are certain mechanisms that solvents act by: Polar solvents weaken the force of attraction between oppositely charged ions in crystals. Polar solvents break covalent bonds of organic molecules. Polar solvents are capable of solvating molecules and ions through dipole interactions. Nonpolar solvents can dissolve nonpolar solutes with the help of weak van der Waals - London forces if the solutes have similar internal pressure. This is due to induced dipole interactions. random motion of the particles causes uniform mixing.
About non-polar solutes in water?
My friend and I are working on a Chemistry project for the final. We decided to put together a lab on Raoult's Law and positive and negative deviations from it. Basically this results from either weak or strong attractions between the solute and solvent, respectively. For the strong attractions, this one's easy, we just use two polar substances, like ethanol and water. We are having much! trouble finding a combination of substances, polar and non-polar (and thus with strong attractions), which are already in our high school's lab inventory and are not carcinogens and are miscible. It's pretty important that the non-polar and polar substances are soluble, which limits our options Does anyone know of a pair of substances (water's always an easy one to find for polar, or we could use ethanol or acetone for polar, both accesible) which are non-polar and polar, miscible, not hazardous to health and probably in the lab inventory? I apologize for the length of this message. This has been pl
Why does acetone dissolve both Polar and Non-polar solutes?
Acetone dissolves both polar and non-polar substances because it has both polar and non-polar parts. The formula is (CH3)2C=O. It has two methyl groups, which are non-polar (they look like hydrocarbons), but it also has a polar carbonyl (C=O) group, which can solvate more polar compounds.
Why do nonpolar solvents dissolve in nonpolar solutes?
You did get them confused (solvents dissolve the solutes), however that doesn't much affect the questions so to continue: The act of dissolving really depends on 4 interactions: (1): The strength of the intermolecular forces between two solvent molecules (2): The strength of the intermolecular forces between two solute molecules. (3): The strength of the intermolecular forces between a solvent molecule and a solute molecule. (4): Entropy, which more or less states that all other things being equal, things like to mix. Overall, to have something dissolve the average effects of (1) and (2) need to be less than the effects of (3) and (4). So, when you have a polar solvent and a non-polar solute, the polar molecules have a much stronger polar-polar interaction than they do polar non-polar. This means that (1) is large when compared to (3), Entropy will always have some effect (so a little bit will dissolve), but for the most part they will stay separated. When you think about salts that are insoluble, or perhaps the fact that metals don't dissolve in water, that has to do with (2) being much larger than (3) or (4). When you have a non-polar solvent with a non-polar solute, the effect is that all the intermolecular interactions are of about the same energy ( (1)=(2)=(3)), Basically the solvent molecule can't really tell whether it's next to another solvent molecule or if it's next to a solute molecule....so entropy will dominate and they will mix. The same will apply with 2 polar compounds as well.