Capillary electrophoresis differ from other chromatographic methods because it has no stationary phase. Is that true?
Yes, unlike other chromatography techniques CE does not have a stationary phase.Chromatographic techniques often rely on polarity of molecules or boiling points. CE, however, applies a large voltage between the anode and the cathode. Then the molecules are separated based on their ionic mobility or electrical mobility. It’s the ability of particles to move through a medium responding to an electric field. They usually flow from anode (+) to the cathode (-). So the small positively charged particles will be attracted to the cathode first, followed by large positively charged particles, followed by neutral particles, followed by large negatively charged particles, followed by small negatively charged particles. The total charge also affects the ionic mobility. For instance, +2 ions will be attracted towards the cathode first compared to +1 ions. There is a mobile phase. This helps even the negatively charged ions to flow towards the cathode. It’s called the electroosmotic flow.
What is the difference between electrolysis, electrophoresis and electrodialysis?
In chemistry, electrolysis is the process of inducing an otherwise non-spontaneous chemical reaction via electric current. This can be applied to the splitting of molecules into their respective elements, red-ox reactions, and so on. Electrophoresis is an analytical technique used in biochemistry and biology to separate molecules based on size. A gel is placed in a buffer bath which has electrodes connected at both ends. The molecules that you wish to differentiate (proteins, nucleic acids, etc.) are then injected into the gel. Once current is introduced, the molecules begin to move to the positive end of the gel. The smaller the molecule, the further it will displace. Lastly, electrodialysis is the method of moving ions across a membrane using electric current to facilitate the movement.Hope this helps.
If ions in solution are removed through electrophoresis, can those ions be rebonded outside of the liquid to reform their original solid crystals?
In electrophoresis when the ions move to the oppositely charged electrodes, their charges get neutralized as they accumulate over it. Also this method is mainly used as one of the technique for separating the colloidal sol attributed to the presence of charged interface between the particle surface and the surrounding fluid. If we talk about obtaining the colloidal particles, that's what we get after the process is over and preparation of colloid again would demand to go through the earlier process of condensation or dispersion methods.As far the ions separation is concerned, you get the neutral atoms or molecules after electrophoresis on both the electrodes. So, to reform the original solid crystals, a chemical reaction between them is necessary requiring specific conditions. So, re-bonding here is merely trivial as you're not going to get the ions until you form them.Hope it helps! :)
Help with my chemistry ASAP?
4.Colloids can be destroyed, called coagulation, by heating or adding an electrolyte 5.Stabilization of a colloidal dispersion (peptization) Stabilization serves to prevent colloids from aggregating. Steric stabilization and electrostatic stabilization are the two main mechanisms for colloid stabilization. Electrostatic stabilization is based on the mutual repulsion of like electrical charges. In general, different phases have different charge affinities, so that a electrical double layer forms at any interface. Small particle sizes lead to enormous surface areas, and this effect is greatly amplified in colloids. In a stable colloid, mass of a dispersed phase is so low that its buoyancy or kinetic energy is too weak to overcome the electrostatic repulsion between charged layers of the dispersing phase. The charge on the dispersed particles can be observed by applying an electric field: All particles migrate to the same electrode and therefore must all have the same sign charge.
What are the similarities and differences between gel electrophoresis and electrodialyses?
Thanks Kristina Kučanda for A2A.Upon application of an electric field to a solution containing ions, the ions migrate towards the electrode of opposite charge. In both electrophoresis and electrodialysis, this is used as the force that drives the migration of ions. The biggest difference in principal is that in electrodialysis the migration occurs across a semipermeable membrane. The membrane used is selectively permeable to some of the components in the solution. In electrophoresis there is no membrane that regulates the migration of ions.The utility of these methods is also qutie different.Electrodialysis is commomly used to separate solvent and solute components. It can be used to concentrate ionic components in solution. It is also used to produce de-ionized water.Commonly in laboratories electrophoresis is implemented using a gel medium (gel electrophoresis). It is used to separate components in a mixture based on their electrophoretic mobility (which in turn depends on the charge and size of the molecule). The role of the gel is to retard the rate of diffusion of the molecules there by enabling resolution of the different components. The low diffusion rate in the gel is also convenient because the separation can be retained after the electric field is removed. Then the gel can be stained to show the components or the different components can be cut out of the gel and purified subsequently.
Is electrophoresis a viable desalination option to convert saltwater to drinking water?
Electrophoresis, in the form of electrodialysis, has long been used for water purification purposes. It's basically electrophoresis used in conjunction with an ion exchange membrane. However, due to its expense, it's rarely used.The main barrier to implementation has always been cost. Electrodialysis has always had a very high yield of water relative to input, especially compared to something like reverse osmosis, but the energy cost and the cost of the ion exchange membrane has been high and so application have been restricted to areas where that's important, like in Japan. Electricity is also a higher quality and therefore higher cost source of energy than heat, and so thermal methods have often been favored, and electrodialysis processes have not been terribly efficient at water separation either.This might change, though. In 2011, I believe that Siemens constructed a demonstration unit for a large-scale electrodialysis plant in Singapore which they claim beats reverse osmosis plants for energy efficiency.
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