What are the physiological functions of blood?
Blood composes of 3 main cellular components which are Red Blood Cell ( erythrocytes ) , white blood cell ( leukocytes ) and platelets. the red blood cells are functioned to transport oxygen, whereas the WBC is to fight against pathogens and to protect the body from any diseases. the platelets play its role it the blood clotting mechanism.
Iron is an essential element for most life on Earth, including human beings.Iron is needed for a number of highly complex processes that continuously take place on a molecular level and that are indispensable to human life, e.g. the transportation of oxygen around your body!Iron is required for the normal production of red blood cells (a process known as haematopoiesis), but it's also part of haemoglobin (that is the pigment of the red blood cells) binding to the oxygen and thus facilitating its transport from the lungs via the arteries to all cells throughout the body.
MAIN ROLES OF CALCIUM:Keep bones and teeth strong (99% of our calcium intake contributes to this)Helps to maintain skeletal structure and functionMaintain a regular heartbeatContributes to stuff like nerve function, muscle contraction and blood clottingCells use it for transporting ions, activating enzymes , and for communicating with other cellsBENEFITS OF HAVING CALCIUM IN YOUR DIET:Decreased risk of osteoporosisDecreased risk of colorectal cancerMaintains a healthy systolic blood pressureMay decrease risk of obesityTOO MUCH CALCIUM CAN LEAD TO:ConstipationKidney stonesTOO LITTLE CALCIUM CAN LEAD TO:Calcium deficiency disease, aka hypocalcemiaThis increases risk of osteoporosisSymptoms of hypocalcemia can include weak hair, nails, memory loss, and seizuresSource: Calcium Deficiency DiseaseTOP 10 FOODS HIGH IN CALCIUM:Dark leafy greens, example: Watercress (100 g = 120 mg)Low fat cheese, example: Mozzarella Nonfat (100 g = 961 mg)Low fat milk and yogurt (100g = 183 mg)Chinese cabbage, examples: Pak choi, Bok Choy (100 g = 105 mg)Fortified soy products, example: Tofu (100 g = 350 mg)Okra (100 g = 77 mg)Broccoli (100 g = 47 mg)Green Snap Beans (100 g = 37 mg)Almonds (100 g = 264 mg)Canned fish, example: Sardines (100 g = 383 mg)Source: Top 10 Foods Highest in Calcium.Thank you for reading :o)Check out my other answers by clicking this beautiful blue button → Alfie Simpson
Myoglobin is an iron and oxygen binding protein found in muscle tissue of vertebrates and in almost all mammals. It binds oxygen with its heme (prosthetic) group like hemoglobin.Hemoglobin in the blood on the other hand carries oxygen from lungs to the rest of the body. The major role of hemoglobin is to carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and return carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs. It is the oxygen carrying component of RBCs. Oxygen binds to hemoglobin with high affinity in an oxygen-rich environment and leaves hemoglobin in an environment where there is not enough oxygen.
What is the purpose of iron in our body?
Iron is an absolute requirement for most forms of life, including humans and most bacterial species. And because plants and animals all use iron, iron can be found in a wide variety of food sources. Iron is essential to life, because of its unique ability to serve as both an electron donor and acceptor. But iron can also be potentially toxic. Iron's ability to donate and accept electrons means that if iron is free within the cell, it can catalyze the conversion of hydrogen peroxide into free radicals. And free radicals can cause damage to a wide variety of cellular structures, and ultimately kill the cell. To prevent that kind of damage, all life forms that use iron bind the iron atoms to proteins. That allows the cells to use the benefits of iron, but also limit its ability to do harm. The most important group of iron-binding proteins are the heme molecules, all of which contain iron at their centers. Humans and most bacteria use variants of heme to carry out redox reactions and electron transport processes. These reactions and processes are required for oxidative phosphorylation. That process is the principal source of energy for human cells; without it, our cells would die. Humans also use iron in the hemoglobin of red blood cells, in order to transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and to export carbon dioxide back to the lungs. And iron is an essential component of myoglobin to store oxygen in muscle cells. The human body needs iron for oxygen transport. That oxygen is required for the production and survival of all cells in our bodies. So human bodies tightly regulate iron absorption and recycling. Iron is such an essential element of human life, in fact, that humans have no physiologic regulatory mechanism for excreting iron. Most humans prevent iron overload solely by regulating iron absorption. Those who can't regulate absorption well enough get disorders of iron overload. In these diseases, the toxicity of iron starts overwhelming the body's ability to bind and store it.
All these answers that go into detail about iron being bound to other kinds of molecules and the speed with which the iron reacts with the different molecular forms are correct. But these biologist and doctors have forgotten one important point that is of great importance for this question. Rust is formed when ferric oxide -Fe2 O3 attaches to water molecules to form Fe(III)O plus a varying number of H2O molecules. All the iron in the human body is the Ferrous form and Fe(II)O is a black powder that does not attach to water molecules to form the orangish red flaky stuff we call rust. The iron in your blood does not rust because the human body cannot absorb ferric iron, only ferrous iron.The Lewis diagram for ferric oxide that forms rust isO=Fe-O-Fe= O. A bent molecule with two double bonds , two single bods, 3 O and 2 Fe it is shaped approximately like an elongated upside down W.The Lewis diagram for the ferrous oxide that does form in our blood isFe= O a straight molecule with one Fe, one O and one double bond.
Poop! Apart from bleeding, most iron leaves the body in the feces. The liver puts iron into bile, the bile is released into the small intestine, and then it comes out in the feces.Most of the iron in the human body is used in hemoglobin and myoglobin. Hemoglobin stores and transports oxygen in the blood. Myoglobin stores oxygen in muscles. Hemoglobin and myoglobin both contain iron in a heme group. Several other proteins also use iron and heme, including cytochromes, catalase, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS). The protein ferritin is also quite common, it contains iron but it does not contain heme. Ferritin is mostly used to store and transport iron. Ferritin stores iron in a way that makes iron much less toxic.All chemicals in the body get recycled at some rate. Certain chemicals are recycled very slowly (e.g. bone). All the iron-containing compounds mentioned above get recycled, and that means you need to eat more iron and your body excretes some iron.Iron leaving the body is transported into the bile by the liver. The bile is then released into the small intestine. Some of the iron can be reabsorbed. Some of the iron remains in the feces.Breakdown products of heme are primarily responsible for the brown color of human feces. Slightly different breakdown products of heme are responsible for the yellow color of human urine. Iron itself is not responsible for the color of normal human feces, it is the aromatic rings left over from the heme.
The important thing to realize is that iron is highly reactive, as evidenced by its tendency to rust. Consequently, free iron atoms are not found in the body; it’s always complexed with proteins. These modify or hide it’s reactivity so that it can serve its multiple catalytic roles. The reference describes these functions in detail.Human iron metabolism - Wikipedia
Because these supplements can affect your gut and digestion related issues. I have a best solution for you :-See - One Of the Best HomeMade Product To Treat ConstipationTaking iron tablets can cause constipation. Iron supplements are one of the common causes of stomach upset, dark colored stools, constipation, and diarrhea.Your doctor may prescribe Iron supplements if you have low iron levels or anemia. In some countries, iron tablets are routinely given to pregnant mothers. A recent study found giving iron pills to blood donors may be beneficial for them. So, the number of people who take Iron pills have been increasing.Gastrointestinal symptoms are the main side effects reported by these people. Constipation is the most troublesome adverse effect that many people want to avoid.Iron supplements come in various forms such as enteric coated tablets, liquid, and injection. The active component of these preparations also varies.The common forms of active ingredients are:Ferrous sulphateFerrous gluconateFerrous fumarateIron-Dextran (in injection or infusion)Only oral iron preparations cause bowel problems. Any iron component in oral supplements can make you constipated. However, Ferrous sulphate is appeared to be more constipating. People taking this particular preparation often complain difficulty in bowel movements due to hard stools.Changing the preparation may help in some people. If not, you may see your doctor about getting iron injections.You can take the tablets with or after meals to reduce the gastrointestinal side effects. However, some foods reduce the absorption of iron. So, if you take the pills with food, you may not get enough iron.Related: Red meat contains large amounts of iron. Eating too much red meat can cause constipation.How to avoid constipation when taking iron tabletsTake the tablets with plenty of water.Spread the dose. If you take three tablets a day, take one tablet three times a day. That means one tablet after each main meal.Avoid other medications that can cause constipation such as calcium tablets.You can take a stool softener with the advice of your doctor or pharmacist.Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables.Bottom line:You may need to take iron tablets if you have iron deficiency anemia. They can cause constipation and other side effects.Iron deficiency can be due to some serious medical conditions such as coeliac disease, Inflammatory bowel disease, and bowel cancer. So, consult your doctor if you have any symptoms.
Describe the roles and functions of inorganic compounds in the human body.?
Inorganic compounds do a lot of things for us, but they basically fall under a few broad categories of function. 1. Many of our enzymes serve as chelators for inorganic elements (usually ions). It's a bit complicated, but what that basically means is that enzymes will fold around an inorganic element, and the resulting conformation will help it carry out its function. Hemoglobin, which is of course a vital protein that carries oxygen throughout our bodies, wouldn't work at all if it were not for the iron ion it's functional units are wrapped around. The iron 'heme' group of hemoglobin is what actually binds oxygen. Some structural proteins will chelate minerals as well; the calcium in our bones for example. 2. Secondly, inorganic substances are crucial for transporting substances across membranes. The different gradients of inorganic elements (like sodium, potassium, calcium and chlorine ions) in and around cells allows membrane bound transport proteins to function correctly. A variety of critically important functions of our cells depend on these gradients; from nerve impulse transmission to the transport of proteins in and out of cells. 3. Oxygen and water are both inorganic compounds as well (with respect to chemistry, organic means containing carbon). Oxygen of course has a integral role in aerobic metabolism; water has so many functions and roles in our bodies its not even funny. There are of course a lot more details to get into, but that pretty much sums it up. Hope that helps!