Eighteenth century (1700's) balls?
What kinds of dances did people do at balls? (Descriptions would be nice) Please give specific types of dances. What kind of music was played? Please don't just say classical or symphonic. Give specific titles, like Minuet. (Speaking of Minuet, who originally wrote it?) What was the typical attire for balls, for both men and women? How large were the skirt hoops for women, specifically during the 1770's? What was the typical style for female hair? What did women's makeup look like? What did men wear, SPECIFICALLY? Don't say "fancy coats and white wigs." Well, duh they wore that! White wigs were a sign of wealth and nobility since only rich people could wear them, and rich people naturally wore elegant clothing to balls. Please give EDUCATED and LEGIBLE answers. It doesn't have to sound like an essay, but something well enough to give me a SPECIFIC idea of eighteenth century balls. I want answers to have content that I would be able to Google and find specific information on it. Not something like, "Women wore silk gowns and men wore coats with white wigs. They did slow partner dances to orchestrated music." That doesn't tell me anything, nor can I Google any of that information and find something useful. I know I said it doesn't have to be an essay, but PLEASE, at least be specific if not detailed.
Why does the 18th century refer to the 1700's?
If 1700-1799 was 17th century what would happen when you get to year one: 1100-1199 - 11th century, 700-799 - 7th century, 200-299 - 2nd century, 100-199 - 1st century (was this the first century after the Christ? No it's the second) 0-99 - 0th century? (No, this is the first century; its the first hundred years after Christ) 100-199 - second century 200-299 - 3rd century 700-799 - 8th century 1100-1199 - 12th century 1700-1799 - 18th century *(note centuries run from ***1-*000 (i.e. 1901-2000 - 20th century), but visually to prove a point 1900-1999 format was chosen)
How to do Marie Antoinette hair without a wig?
heres a link for the hair http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CgFkCz4wAmE i don't know what you could do with the costume :( sorry
What were the powdered wigs from the 1700s made of, and what was the powder that was used?
In the 1700s, wigs were most often made from what you’d expect: real hair. Occasionally animal hairs were used, but the very best wigs would be made from the real thing. Interesting note: for the most part, men wore wigs, but women had their own hair styled and coiffed according to the current trends, often using lots of pads and shapers under their real hair to give it height and volume, sometimes with the addition of extra hairpieces (curls, etc).As to the powders, an excellent resource exists from 1772 called the Toilet de Flora (Toilette of Flora). It’s a collection of “receipts” (recipes) for hair care products, cosmetics like freckle lotion, tooth powder, rouge, and scented waters, and useful household preparations such as laundry soaps, stain removers, and dyes for clothing or fabric. It’s available in Google Books and it’s fascinating to read. The toilet of Flora; or, A collection of the most simple and approved methods of preparing baths, essences [&c.] with receipts for cosmetics of every kind. New eit. [sic].This picture is of myself as Abigail Adams with the gent who portrays John Adams. That’s all my own hair styled with pomatum and powder, and he is in a wig (“peruke”). The pomatum (“pomade”) was made according to a receipt in Toilet de Flora, using leaf lard, beef fat, clove oil, orange oil, and beeswax. The pomatum acts as a volumizer and provides hold, and then the powder soaks up the excess grease (much like modern day dry shampoo) and finishes the style. The powder is made from ground cuttlefish bones, orris root, wheat starch, and scented oils.ETA: I credit Abby Cox of American Duchess for sharing her knowledge of 18th century hairstyling and products with the historical costuming community, and thanks go out to Christina Walley for doing my hair so splendidly!
How did 18th century surgeons remove arrows they couldn't push through?
Allow me to help you with direct sources rather than a mixed attempt of my collective reading:The following Google Book searches are specific 18th century queries onSurgeon and SurgerySurgery (or chirurgy) was actually quite advanced and equipped with loads of specific instruments. Unlike usual medicine which came along without any clue about bacteria and viruses surgery had a long experience - thanks to wars but also thanks to the new practice to examine dead bodies. Tumors and stones would be treated, even skull operations were on the list. The need to sterilise wounds was vaguely understood. Military surgeons were men with a lot of practice (remember that many battles had more than 10.000 deaths on a single day and a few square miles. They would have been happy about our anesthetics though.Three titles you will find particularly helpful:Practical Surgery Illustrated and Improved; being chirurgical observations, with remarks upon the most extraordinary cases, cures and dissections, made at St. Thomas's Hospital, Southwark. (London, 1790) - the book gives you a good account of the general scope of surgery: How do they categorise their cases and what are they treating in the greater variety of medical problems.If you want to see the instruments you might like Benjamin Bell’s A System of Surgery illustrated with Copperpaletes (London, 1791) it gives you plates of all kinds of instruments such as this one:A System of Surgery (1791)The following might be the title that will come closest to your problem - a North American title with a focus on Military Hospitals.Plain Concise Practical Remarks, on the Treatment of Wounds and Fractures; to which is Added, an Appendix, on Camp and Military Hospitals (Philadelphia, 1776)Wounds inflicted by arrows are not their main concern, the gun shot is the bigger problem, but you will understand how they approached such wounds.
Why did the ancient Egyptians wear wigs? What were they made out of and did they wear them daily?
Egyptian nobility shaved their heads to show their rank in society. Slaves and servants weren't allowed to wear wigs. Ancient Egyptians wore wigs for many different occasions . The hair was collected and it was worth it's weight in gold! People selling hair would barter with the wigmaker for goods. There are ruins of wig factories in Egypt also, wigs were so much in demand.The color of Egyptian wigs were usually a deep black color. Some wigs were blond for the discerning gentleman or lady. Those wigs were very impressive. The women's wigs were longer than the men's.Example of a black wig.Example of a blonde wig.Queen Nefertiti's wigs were made of a deep blue color. She was very fashionable even in those times!Wigs were made out of human hair, blended vegetable fiber and human hair, and just plain vegetable fiber. The expense of the wig was calculated by the percentage of human hair. Usually the human hair wigs had about 120,000 human hairs in each of the wigs.Wigs were made by pulling the fibers or hair through the weft, which was a net that was the base of the wig. They used resin and beeswax to help make the hair more manageable and to anchor it to the weft.The wigs were worn to display rank, but also used to decorate the owners and add to their panache. Egyptians were supposedly very vain about their appearance and hygiene, so wigs were essentially in Egyptian life, and worn daily to escape the sun's rays, besides displaying wealth. Children shaved their heads and wore a braid on the side. Very simple.The wigs couldn't be washed so they were kept fragrant with oils and perfumes. They were also decorated with tiaras, flowers, gold and jewels.The Egyptians were very proud of their wigs and would have been very unlikely to share them. Being a hairdresser myself, and an occasional wig wearer, I found all of this information to be fascinating as well as informative!