Examples in nature or your body where surface area is maximized for efficiency?
1) The most common example is the epithelial tissue lining in the digestive tract (small intestine) which contains microvilli. This increases the area available for absorption of food and water 2) A small organism, such as an amoeba, often has a large surface area. This means a large surface to volume ratio. A large surface to volume ratio allows the amoeba to absorb all the nutrients it needs by diffusion across its whole body surface. This does not work for large organisms therefore they adapt lungs and intestines and other organs to effect the air and nutrient exchange mechanisms. 3) Your lungs have a very high surface area to volume ratio to maximise gas exchange with red blood cells. The many branches of the pulmonary blood vessels down to the smallest capillaries cover the surface of the lungs to make use of this high surface area. Other examples listed on Wikipedia include an elephants ears - the large surface area allows better evaporation and the ears act as heat exchangers. I hope that helps
Confused about relative efficiency.?
the relative efficiency that is being refered to here is to do with the energy loss as you follow through the trophic levels. your going to end up with describing the neergy pyramid for the food chain. as yo are aware that energy is lost each time it is transferred to the next trophic level. consequently the higher level organism has to consume more individuals from the trophic level below it. if you do a tally of energy or organisms needed to support the next level then you will see a trend of an invetretd pyramid. for the "relative" aspect of this quest maybe you need to look at quantities of energy being transferred to the next organism relative to how much energy was absorbed by that orgnism as it fed from a lower trophic level. take it from there----- afterall you are an AP student! have confidence in your resourcefulness and what you've learned.
How much protein should be eaten a day to maximize muscle building?
Building and repairing muscleHow much protein is needed for maximum muscular growth? Beginning bodybuilders are often confused as to how much crude protein they should be consuming on a daily basis. The average amount recommended in bodybuilding and advanced fitness books is 80 grams per day. This has been accepted as “staple truth” for many decades, until sport scientists began looking at how our bodies utilized protein when the muscles are under stress. Current studies suggest that if you’ve been consuming just 80 grams or less of crude protein per day, you may have been eating too little to encourage maximum muscle growth. It appears that in order to truly maximize the growth potential of all your major muscle groups, you need to consume at least 1 gram of protein for every pound of your current body weight. For more information check out my FREE ebook you can download here [1]I have seen many bodybuilders who gradually increase their protein intake as they slide up the intensity of their workouts (sometimes 50%-70% their initial protein intake) and they get wonderful results. Why do we need so much protein in your diet? Protein is one of the most essential building blocks needed by the human body for normal function. Our bodies literally cannot grow without protein. That’s why people who are not able to consume protein regularly often suffer from protein malnutrition and they look bloated because their body cells do not have sufficient protein for normal production of cellular walls, which keep water inside the cells.Bodybuilders are a special class of fitness buffs because they engage in demanding activities that put intense strain on the muscle fibers. Muscle fibers are built with protein; that’s how it has always been in the Animal Kingdom. Logically speaking, if you want your muscles to grow in size while you are applying regular stress and strain, you need to feed them more with the right type of nutrient. Our bodies utilize all 3 macro-nutrients for energy but only protein satisfies the requirement for physically rebuilding and repairing muscle fibersFor more information check out my free e book you can down load right here