Explain the reform act?
There were 3 major Reform Acts in Britain in the 19th century,all of which extended the franchise and redrew constituency boundaries: Great Reform Act 1832: Gave greater representation in towns and cities where the population had increased markedly because of the Industrial Revolution.Also did away with most Rotten Boroughs - constituencies with a very small number of voters,which made it easy for an individual to secure election through bribery,and Pocket Boroughs,where one person or family owned all the land (only landowners whose land generated at least £2 a year in rents could vote) and could thus control who was elected. Reform Act 1867: All male householders were given the vote,thus doubling the franchise. Remaining Pocket and Rotten Boroughs were all removed. Reform Act 1884: Employees living in property belonging to their employer were given the vote.Each constituency was limited to 1 MP.
Why would the Stalwarts disagree with civil service reform?
They were benefiting from the spoils system and did not want to lose either their influence or their "free ride." Republican Rutherford Hayes began to reform civil service system without backing from his own party da. July 11, 1878 he angered Republicans when he removed Chester A. Arthur from an important patronage position in New York e. Election of 1880 ea. Republicans nominate James A. Garfield - Democrats chose Winfield Scott Hancock eaa. both candidates former Civil War generals eb. Republican Party split between stalwarts who favored spoils system and half-breeds who favored some reform ec. Garfield won a narrow victory f. Garfield worked to reform the spoils system g. Garfield killed by Charles Guiteau a supporter of the Stalwart Party ga. (“I am a stalwart and Arthur is President now!) h. Chester A. Arthur became President i. laws requiring individuals to pass civil service examinations to obtain government jobs were enacted to eliminate patronage and corruption in government hiring j. Pendleton Civil Service Act ended the spoils system ja. Civil Service Act of 1883 established a commission to write exams for entry into government service k. Election of 1884 ka. Republican candidate James G. Blaine kb. many Republicans (mugwumps) deserted Blaine (too corrupt) kc. Mugwumps were Republicans who worked for reform in the 1880s kd. Democrats chose Grover Cleveland ke. Cleveland won kea. Cleveland favored tight money
What is the civil service act?
The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act (ch. 27, 22 Stat. 403) is an 1883 United States federal law that established the United States Civil Service Commission, which placed most federal employees on the merit system and marked the end of the so-called "spoils system." Drafted during the Chester A. Arthur administration, the Pendleton Act served as a response to President James Garfield's assassination by a disappointed office seeker. The Act was passed into law on January 16, 1883. The Act was sponsored by Senator George H. Pendleton, Democrat of Ohio, and written by Dorman Bridgeman Eaton, a staunch opponent of the patronage system who was later first chairman of the United States Civil Service Commission. The most famous commissioner was Teddy Roosevelt (1889-95). The law only applied to federal jobs: not to the state and local jobs that were the basis for political machines. At first it covered very few jobs but there was a ratchet provision whereby outgoing presidents could lock in their own appointees by converting their jobs to civil service. After a series of party reversals at the presidential level (1884, 1888, 1892, 1896), the result was that most federal jobs were under civil service. One result was more expertise and less politics. An unintended result was the shift of the parties to reliance on funding from business, since they could no longer depend on patronage hopefuls. The act also prohibits soliciting campaign donations on Federal government property.~~
Which British social activist campaigned vigorously for decades to achieve women's suffrage in Great Britain?
A.
State a brief history of British constitution?
The following takes place between 8:30 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. Tues., Feb. 4th 1704. 8:30 a.m - Put on wig 9:00 a.m. - Argue about constitution 10:00 a.m. - have tea 10:30 a.m. - argue about tea 10:45 a.m. - cricket break 12:00 p.m. - sign constitution 1:00 p.m. - amendment so no one can get free dental care 2:00 p.m. - decide if red military uniforms are "right sporting" 2:30 p.m. - naptime 4:00 p.m. - ask queen for recess 5:00 p.m. - prepare to lose to the U.S.
Did any British working class men have the vote before 1918?
It would seem so. “After the Third Reform Act in 1884, 60% of male householders over the age of 21 had the vote” (Wikipedia). That was about 7.7m men by just before the 1918 reform, out of a total of around 21m. Upper and middle class males did not make up over a third of the male population.
Was Napoleon an enemy or hero of democracy?
when Napoleon came in power he was least concerned about http://democracy…….at that very specific time there was no democracy in any part of the world even in England……….the English democracy was a farce democracy………..democracy in England started in 1832 when First Reform Act was passed in 1832, in 1867 Second Reform Act was passed and in 1884 third Reform Act was passed……..the English women had no right in the democratic process, they were granted voting right in 1918 and that too was only to 30 years women……let's come to the point, Napoleon was against democracy but he introduced social equality, justice and equality before law court………His code Napoleon is a wonderful document………he was against political freedom……….He assumed the power as a First Consulate and later on declared himself as Emperor……….but no one can deny this fact that equality, justice and fair play were introduced during his regime…….the slogans of freedom, equality and fraternity of French Revolution were implemented during Napoleonic rule………the socio-economic justice of Napoleon era provided a launching pad to democracy……….directly Napoleon was against democracy but indirectly he greatly contributed for democracy………..during his ruling time he was a villain for democracy but the steps which he had taken during his ruling time proved beneficial and played a significant role for the promotion and uplift of http://democracy……….in nutshell, simultaneously he was a hero and an enemy of democracy…..
When did working-class males in Britain gain the right to vote?
Working class householders in the cities received the vote in 1867. Those in the countryside did so in 1884. Finally, non-householders — people living with their parents, or in the homes of their employers (such as servants), or in barracks (soldiers, etc), or who were homeless — got the vote in 1918.In 1866, Parliament debated a bill that would give the vote to "respectable working men", but exclude the "feckless and criminal poor". This sparked fierce debate, led to the fall of one government and the rise of another, sparked mass public demonstrations, and inspired criticism that the proposals either went too far or not far enough. Eventually, the result was the Second Reform Act of 1867.This gave the vote to all men who personally paid rates (property tax) in Britain's towns and cities. In effect, it enfranchised the head of household in every family, including working class households. Originally the Act had been intended to only enfranchise home-owners, but a parallel law passed soon after made tenants liable to pay the rates on the property they rented: so in effect, this measure enfranchised them too since they became rate-payers.The 1867 Reform Act doubled the number of voters in England and Wales from one in seven men to almost 30% of them.The Third Reform Act of 1884 extended the same wider franchise to the countryside as the 1867 Act had introduced in the boroughs. Since mediaeval times, England had different franchises in different parts of the country: this law abolished that in favour of a single uniform franchise. The 1884 Act again doubled the size of the electorate from 30% to over 60% of all adult men. It enfranchised the rural working class.The 1918 Representation of the People Act, passed during the First World War, abolished the property qualification entirely and finally brought in universal suffrage for adult men. The men who received the vote by this law were the non-householders - crucially, this included soldiers who lived in barracks, since it was felt to be wholly unjust that they should be denied a vote when they were currently fighting for their country. The 1918 Act also gave the vote to women, though on a more limited basis than men. This discrimination was abolished ten years later in 1928 when women received full universal suffrage.
When did the UK start having government elections?
This is actually a more interesting question than it appears at first glance.Technically speaking, we don't elect a government - we each elect a member of parliament and a government is formed by the person who has the confidence of a majority of MPs to do so.Now, this has evolved into the modern party system and the attitude of voters in the most part when they vote for their MP now is that they are voting for a prime minister and government. Hence the televised leaders debates we've seen since 2010.But when the switch from one mode of thought to the other happened would need some research. It was certainly before the end of the second world war.