What are the potential downfalls of 3D printing?
Price: It’s NOT CheapIt’s absolutely not cheap, IF 3D printing is an important part of your business/work. It can be cheap if you’re an amateur or are just looking for a hobby. The reason why so many companies (including Nike) spend so much money on 3D printers and printing. Of course, they do it through partners (in case of Nike, it’s HP and HP has some really cool 3D printers) and exclusive 3D printer distributors, but it still comes from their budget.Every 3D printer is different.You can’t print everything with every printer. You need to think about the product you’re going to print BEFORE you buy the printer. Things like material, size, printing speed can influence your purchase.It IS time-consuming.Yes, it takes a lot of time to design, prepare the printer and the material, print, wait for it to cool down, and clean up at the end. Be prepared to spend that time. 3D printing can print things fast, but not in a lightning speed, so take a few hours off.You need to level up your technical skills.By technical skills, I mean design as well. If you have a 3D designer, then you’re all set, but if you don’t, you’ll need to work on your 3D designing skills so that you get a quality product at the end. You can learn it online for free, through tutorials or take 3D design class with a company or educational institute nearby.There is SO much to explore, but you shouldn’t explore all!There are so many things you can print with a 3D printer. Hell, if you want to print human organs, you can start your research in bioprinters and 3D bioprinting. They key is to focus on the things that you want to print and not get carried away with all the possibilities. Knowing is good, but since 3D printing is ALREADY time-consuming, save your time on the things that matter for your work.
How long will it take to 3d print organs?
As with most science, you start small and build up to the good stuff. Lets start with the most basic organ in our body, or rather around our body, skin. Yes, we can 3d print skin.from here on it gets more tricky, but progress is being made, a friend of mine at UCF is working on a project to allow surgeons to practice on a dummy replica of a babies heart before they do the actual surgery.3D-printed heart saves baby's lifeTime, its all that’s needed. This technology has been around since the 1980′s, but only recently has it become affordable and far more superior to the machines back then so that anyone can have one, or four 3d printers.
Do all countries have organ shortages? Is it a problem that will soon be solved by 3D printing?
It’s even worse… there’s even a dead bodies shortage (for med-students & surgeons to practice on).Regarding your question, I’m not optimistic about 3D-printing solving that issue anytime soon. The work being done so far (all over the globe) is purely academic, and one should read carefully each article because everybody like to put “3D printing” these days, even if it’s something that doesn’t need a 3D printer.An example would be:3D-printed ovaries restore fertility in mice (that’s the marketing stuff)A bioprosthetic ovary created using 3D printed microporous scaffolds restores ovarian function in sterilized mice (that’s the manuscript)Now, that’s just mice, far from human, and you have a lot of regulation. Medical processes are under scrutiny in every aspect of it, especially long term effects.Regarding the lack of dead bodies, companies are doing bio-mimicry using tissue “feel-like” materials for surgeons.The future is an interesting place.
How do you bioprint a human body and copy the mind from the orginal brain to the bioprinted body's brain?
At the moment, we are a long way from either of those things. The closest and more realistic option (which is still not yet achieved and won’t be for some time, although there is much progress towards it) is Whole Brain Emulation, which aims to replicate the brain on either species-wide or individual level in software.For that, I can recommend you to look at Whole Brain Emulation: A Roadmap[1] (possibly the most detailed report on the topic to date and very much relevant despite being 10 years old) and the videos and proceedings of the CarbonCopies 2018 workshop Transcending the Biology: Reverse Engineering the Brain[2].Footnotes[1] Page on ox.ac.uk[2] Summary of TBREB2018 Roadmap Session
What are current challenges in the field of stem cell technology? How far are we from the goal of petri plate-to-organ regeneration?
5 critical challenges for cell therapy to progressManufacturing of Therapeutically relevant cells economically for auto and allogenic transplants Cell lot potency/efficacy - lot release aspects specific to therapeutic modelsTherapeutic cell selection, sorting, expansion and enrichment issuesApplying GMP guidelines and practices for cell therapyRegulatory framework for different Therapeutic modelsPetri to organ cultures are now in development phase and need lot of optimization and fine tuning to get functionally and physiologically relevant organ systems. The next 10 years will see good development in this emerging area.
Do male to female trans people have women's rights?
Given that there are few (potentially no) nations where women have rights that are denied to men (while the converse is very different - there are a large number of nations where women are explicitly denied rights granted to men), the question is essentially asking if trans women's rights are reduced to match the rights granted to cis women.I would say that, in general, trans women actually end up with fewer practical rights than cis men or cis women, largely due to the stigma attached to being trans. The majority of men will reject the validity of a trans woman's gender where it matters most - all other things being equal, would you have sex with her, knowing her gender history? In my experience, about 90% of men who are interested based on looks and description and on-line chatting lose all interest at the point when they realize or are told my history.Women are generally more accepting, because the sex question arises much less frequently, but there is a relatively strong minority movement related to the "validity" of gender, and insisting on birth gender identification as being the only relevant consideration for identification as a woman.So, no, trans women often don't even get the restricted rights that cis women receive.
Why do I still want him and he hurts me?
Because “love” is a biological mechanism that happens when you activate the right triggers: positive phenotypic assessment, misattribution of emotions, and sex.Just as you can laugh at an A-hole comedian who you hate because funny is funny, you can also love an A-hole lover who you hate because love is love.That’s an idea many hate to admit.Love is magical, unconditional, and the greatest mystery in the freaking whole multi-verse, pinky promise, I am for realz, son!Right. Keep telling yourself that, sweetheart.It’s 2018:Trump is president, 3-D bioprinters can print organs for transplant, and you still think Mr.Suave and his play book antics is some philosopher's stone that can turn a lead into a heart of gold.Listen, love can be hacked by anyone.Empowerment comes from knowing how you fall in love and not putting yourself into situations where love is possible with a complete douche bag.Don’t believe me? Fine. Try this:Go to Starbucks.Look around the shop for a guy that makes you feel good nervous.Once you get your coffee, sit at a table next to him with your back turned.Your mission is to get him to talk to you.Part your hair, cross and re-cross your legs, put on lipstick, check your makeup, smile wide at seemingly nothing, groom yourself in a way that subconsciously tells him that you would be a good mate.It doesn’t matter if he talks to you. It doesn’t matter if you give him your number. All that matters is putting yourself in a situation that lets you hack your body to release the chemicals you want to feel.Love is not some prancing hobby unicorn vanishing in a puff of pixie dust the moment you get close to it.Love is a word we humans use to describe a biological reaction to someone and the events surrounding that someone.You still love him because you don’t dare to love someone else and ruin the spell that was cast over the two of you.Knowing how we love is one part of the spell. Knowing why we love is where the magic comes from: be it destructive or miraculous.