Who discovered the medulla oblongata?
Sigmund Freud? .......These early works formed the cornerstone for the neuropathological investigations that would follow in which Dr. Freud produced a detailed description of the medulla oblongata tracing the interconnections between its fibrillary nerve tracts and the cerebellum of the human central nervous system. Dr. Freud's papers on this topic would become the first detailed description of these important neurological pathways.
It's a bit complicated if you don't have basic physiology.The outer part of the kidney is called the cortex, the inner part is the medulla. It's sort of like a mango, the fleshy outer part can be likened to the cortex, the seed can be likened to the medulla. This is the simple part.Functionally, they differ in function. Most of the nephrons are in the cortex and a minor part of the nephrons dip into the medulla. The loop of henle has parts that dip into the medulla.This whole architectural setup enables the kidneys to have a complex filtration gradient which in turn helps to keep the internal mechanisms of the body within operational range in terms of acid concentration, ion concentration and fluid balance. It would pay off if you take a glance at counter current mechanism. The fluid in the medulla is more concentrated than the fluid flowing into the structures within the medulla and thus a sort of exchange (trade by barter) occurs where the unwanted extra will be taken out through diffusion and the rest climb up to be reabsorbed.The body excretes the unwanted extra and keeps the rest…
The midbrain is the reflex center for cranial nerves III and IV and is involved in eye reflexes and movements. The pons helps regular breathing. It connects the cerebellum with the cerebrum and links the midbrain to the medulla oblongata. The pons is the reflex center for cranial nerves V through VIII. The pons is involved in chewing, taste, saliva, hearing and equilibrium. The medulla oblongata joins the spinal cord at the foramen magnum. It influences heart, breathing and circulation. It’s the center for vomiting, coughing and hiccuping.The medulla—the most primitive brain structure—controls our digestive, respiratory and circulatory systems. The pons interacts with the cerebellum, motor control and respiration. Other structures in the pons control sleep and excitement. The pons also relays information between the brain and the spinal cord.
Are nephrons located within the renal cortex or the medullary pyramid?
To answer your question, they are located in both..... but there are 2 different types of nephrons: Superficial nephrons and jutxamedullary nephrons The juxtamedullary nephrons are the type of nephron that you would typically see drawn in your textbook.. even though they comprise of 15% of the nephrons found in the kidney. They begin in the renal cortex, with the bowman's capsule. the loop of henle the penetrates deep into the medullary pyramid. The loop of henle then comes back up to the renal cortex. Superficial nephrons are the more common and are found in solely in the renal cortex. They begin in the renal cortex and stay there. The loop of henle dosnt protrude into the renal cortex like the jutxamedullary nephron. they only enter the renal medulla as the collecting duct forms.
“Does the medulla oblongata control aggression?”Aggression is a learned behavior, so it is controlled like any other learned behavior. Of course, some people are so damaged that they can’t control behavior, in which case the expression of their behaviors appears random and inexplicable.OTOH, many people, mostly men, have learned how to express aggressive behavior to their own apparent benefit. There are societies where this is the normal understanding of how to be a man. Less so in most first world countries, but still it is common.Believing aggression is located in some specific part of the brain is a classic way to avoid taking responsibility for the aggressive behavior. “It just happened.” “I couldn’t control it.”So no, the medulla oblongata doesn’t control aggression, though it may contribute to aggression if it is damaged.
“What is the function of the medulla oblongata and spinal cord?”Both of these structures have multiple functions. The simplest, reasonably complete answers can be found here:Medulla oblongataSpinal cord
The medulla oblongata plays a critical role in many bodily processes, so any damage caused to it can have serious - even fatal - effects. The medulla oblongata helps regulate heart rate, breathing, the diameter of blood vessels, and reflexive actions such as swallowing and vomiting. Damage could potentially interfere with any of these, but here are some of the most common symptoms:paralysisloss of muscle coordinationimpaired senses, especially sense of touch (including decreased sensitivity to pain, temperature changes, etc.) or tastevertigotrouble swallowingacid refluxgagginginability to rotate headdifficulty breathing (life support equipment may be required)It should be noted that this is also the area where nerves cross over from one side of the body to the other, so damage to the left side of the medulla oblongata can result in symptoms occurring on the right side of the body, and vice versa.I hope that you’ve found this information helpful! If you have other medical concerns, check out this website. It can get you access to 24/7 doctor consultations, information about natural and holistic treatments for a wide variety of issues, and a whole bunch of other great services.Here’s to your continued health and happiness!-TeddyCanHeal
Anatomy and Physiology question regarding the medulla?
I'll take you through it. 1. Touch and pressure sensory nerves: Let's start at your right hand touching something. You feel this because the nerves travel to your brain to register this sensation. The pathway is: up the same side (ipsilateral) of your spinal cord and just in the lowest part of your medulla, the pathway crosses over to the other side (contralateral). Therefore, a lesion/damage/stroke/etc above the lower level of your medulla (including most lesions that occur in the medulla) will cause loss of touch and pressure sensation to the opposite side of your body from the lesion's side... i.e. contralateral. Lesions below the level of the crossover cause loss of touch and pressure sensation to the same as the lesion (e.g. a spinal cord lesion) i.e. ipsilateral. 2. Pain and temperature sensation: This pathway is different because the pathway crosses immediately once it hits the spinal cord. Therefore any lesions in the brain, medulla, spinal cord, whatever, will give abnormalities of pain and temperature sensation on the opposite side of the lesion i.e. contralateral. I believe this is the level of detail you would be looking for.
Medullary index of human hair is less than 1/3 while for animals it is greater than 1/2. so it definitely rules out the options of blond man and blonde Caucasian woman.Now we have only two options deer and golden retriever so instead of ascertaining the identity solely on the basis of medullary index we should go for microscopic examination.Deer hair has medulla, or inner layer of cells and consists of spherical cells that take up the whole width of the hair in a repeating pattern of different shapes, such as a hexagonal shape, depending on what member of the deer family the subject belongs.Dog hair has spade-like roots and its pigmentation runs down throughout the shaft to the root.