What year was Iraq created?
British Mandate of Mesopotamia British troops entering Baghdad.At the end of World War I, the League of Nations granted the area to the United Kingdom as a mandate. It initially formed two former Ottoman vilayets (regions): Baghdad, and Basra into a single country in August 1921. Five years later, in 1926, the northern vilayet of Mosul was added, forming the territorial boundaries of the modern Iraqi state.
Since when have the fights between Iran and Iraq existed?
I think you could answer this a few ways. Really, the modern politic battles between Iraq and Iran are just that, modern, dating back to the creation of the modern state of Iraq. Prior to that the area of what is now Iraq was a number of provinces under the Ottomans, and rarely unified through most of history. But there's another answer as well. Going all the way back to the beginning of recorded history, there was conflict between Mesopotamia and the Iranian highlands, particularly the Zagros mountains and areas near modern Iraq. This is long before Iraq or Iran, and in dates even before the Indo-Iranian peoples moved into the region, and pitted the largely pastoral peoples of the Iranian highlands against the sedentary agriculturists of the Mesopotamian plain. The general pattern involved waves of people coming from what is now Iran moving into Mesopotamia, conquering cities and empires and building their own, only to later be conquered by another wave from the highlands. Later, there was also some consistent conflict between the mostly Arab dominated Mesopotamia and Persian Iran, which often pitted the high culture of the Arab dynasties like the Abbasids against Persianate (often ethnic Turks that adopted Persian high culture) dynasties like the Ghaznavids. There are some echoes of that in the modern rhetoric used by Iraq and Iran, particularly in Iran.
What modern states once made up the heart of the Greek empire as it existed in ancient times?
Greece, Cyprus, Turkey (as Greek city states)Israel, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt, FYROM, parts of Iraq, parts of Iran, part of Afghanistan, parts of Armenia and Azerbaijan, possibly even parts of what today is known as India and Pakistan (as Alexander the Great’s empire).
Why did the United States invade Iraq and Afghanistan?
Afghanistan: Osama Bin Laden, the mastermind and leader of Al Qaeda behind the 9/11 attacks was based in Afghanistan. The Taliban government was more or less sympathetic to their cause and allowed them to exist within their borders. After 9/11 the United States was gripped in anger and grief and wanted to see action taken against those that perpetrated the attacks. Therefore the United States invaded Afghanistan to destroy Al Qaeda and eventually find and kill Osama Bin Laden. This mission got muddled with trying to turn Afghanistan into a Democracy and a modern state, which has objectively failed and was likely never possible to begin with.Iraq: This is more confusing, and I’m not sure it will every be entirely clear why the US went into Iraq. Around 2003 there was still a lot of residual anger over 9/11. The second Bush Administration seemed to insinuate that Iraq was somehow involved with 9/11 which it wasn’t. Moreover, the media seemed complicit in spreading this message. George Bush’s father had invaded Iraq to push them out of Kuwait, but once this mission was accomplished he wisely left the region. His son seemed bent on continuing his father’s war and pressed for a full invasion and occupation of Iraq, including deposing Saddam Hussein. Hussein had supposedly tried to have George Bush’s father assassinated. I think the Iraq war was caused by a Son’s desire to revenge his father, a complicit media, and a country that reached a state of hubris because it had no rival to counter balance it, due to the Soviet Union’s collapse.
Is Iraq safer than Syria at the moment?
On the news today a few hundred thousand Iraqis are joining the massive immigration trek to the EU .Iraq is simple a dead country waiting to be buried .The Kurd s will in all likelihood carve a new nation out of Northern Iraq ,ISIS will hold on for a time parts of Iraq and the Iraqi Sunnis and Shiites will destroy the rest. All this thanks to US Republican war mongering conservatives .Not surprising when cons pick Palin and Trump as their leaders.The blind leading the blind . BTW, ironically the modern Iraqi state was created by the US and allies in 1920 after WWW1
What was the justification for the creation of the state of Israel?
The creation of the state of Isreal really has it's roots in the First World War. The mideast had been a part of the Ottoman Empire which was defeated along with Germany in the war. Prior to and during the war, the Zionist movement had been trying to establish "a national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine. On Nov. 2, 1917, the British Government declared in a letter from Foreign Secretary Arthur James Balfour to Lord Rothschild (a leader of the Jewish community in Britain), "His Majesty's Government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country." In a conference held in Cairo in March of 1921, Secretary of State for the Colonies, Winston Churchill, and T. E. Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia), and other attendees, boundaries, ethnic compositions and governments for the modern day states of Iraq, Jordan and Palestine along with establishing a Jewish National Home in Palestine west of the Jordan (later to become Israel. It is interesting to note that 80% of the area which was to have been Palestine was allocated to trans Jordan (now the country of Jordan) as a result of this conference With the establishment of the League of Nations, Britain was entrusted with administering the territory in the Middle East including the modern territories of Israel, Jordan, and the West Bank and Gaza Strip, formerly belonging to the Ottoman Empire by the League of Nations Mandate for Palestine on July 25, 1922. Then, the history of the Holocaust in Nazi Germany caused a large migration of European Jews to the Jewish "National Home" in Palestine. It was only natural for it to follow that the people there would fight the British to establish their own nation of Israel. As far as losing what had been their homeland, the Palestinians lost more to Jordan than they did to Israel. I can only conclude that this was acceptable to them because Jordan was a Muslim state and Israel was Jewish. Noah H said it well in his post above, " A yeasty history. No kiddin'!"
How did the Ottomans treat Iraqis?
The quick answer is that the Ottomans didn’t treat “The Iraqis” in any way at all. Iraq is a post-Ottoman Empire concept, created out of the dismemberment of the Empire by the British-French-Russian agreement of May, 1916. This agreement — generally referred to as Sykes-Picot, although that’s arguably a misnomer since the original Anglo-French agreement was significantly modified by the Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Sazonov — carved the Middle East into spheres of influence for the three powers without (much) regard to natural boundaries or indigenous populations. Several Ottoman territories were lumped into the British Mandate for Mesopotamia in 1920 which became the modern state of Iraq, but by then the Ottoman Empire no longer existed.In terms of how the populace of present day Iraq was treated when they were Ottoman lands, the inhabitants were primarily Kurds in the north and Sunni and Shia Arabs in the south. Thus, the population was almost entirely Muslim — present day Iraq is ~95% Muslim, the percentage may have been somewhat lower prior to WWI — and all Muslims were considered full citizens of the Empire and treated as such for hundreds of years. Towards the end of the 19th century, as the Ottoman Empire decayed into “the sick man of Europe”, the Arabs and even more so the Kurds, developed an increasing ethnic sense of identity in place of earlier Ottoman solidarity and sporadic uprisings occurred starting in about 1880. However, unlike the Armenians, at no time were the Kurds or Arabs in open revolt against Ottoman rule.
Why FSA(Free Syrian Army) and ISIS(Islamic State of Iraq and Sham) fighting?
They do not have the same motive. And it is al-sham (in this context al-sham means the Levant which is a region that roughly covers modern day Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, Palestine and various Israeli occupied areas. The Free Syrian Army is a coalition of various groups fighting to overthrow the dictatorship of Bashar al-Assad in Syria, and bring about a democratic Syrian government. Notably, Syria has historically been fairly westernized, with a generally moderate religious climate. While the population is mostly Arab Muslims, other religions have not been persecuted. Women have been granted equal rights, and the more violent and extreme forms of Islam such as Wahhabism have not been accepted. The FSA for example is not a "jihad." There is no religious motivation for the war, only political. ISIS however is a "jihad" in that they are trying to bring about a government based on strict and extreme versions of Sharia law. They also claim to be affiliate with Al-Qaeda, although Al-Qaeda has officially denounced ISIS, their methods, and their motives. ISIS has very few Syrians, most are foreign fighters from outside Syria and even from outside the Middle East. They also have a strong presence in Iraq which was where they originated from. Their motives are to overthrow the Iraqi government, the Syrian government, and eventually pretty much every Middle Eastern government to create governments based on their religious ideology. So it makes sense as to why these groups do not get along. On one hand you have FSA fighting for a modern democratic government based on freedom and equality, while the ISIS are fighting for pretty much the opposite. Neither side will achieve their overall goal while the other group exists. And these two groups are by no means the only ones. The Syrian Army is fighting to keep Al-Assad in power, Hezbollah has similar goals to ISIS but have a different religious and political background, and of course there are the Kurds who for the most part could care less about Syria as long as they reach their long time goal of creating an independent Kurdistan. The fighting is Syria does have a religious element, but it is a rather small one. Mostly the various groups are opposed (or allied) because of political reasons.
Modern History help -- essay/editorial. Will give points to whoever helps.?
I have a bunch of school to do and I would do it but im in an abnormal situation with my family right now which makes it so i cant. Could someone please help me out by doing this for me asap? 1. The invasion of Iraq was very controversial. Editors and columnists voiced strong opinions on the Iraq War. Use your knowledge of current events and the information in your textbook to write two short editorials. One should state why the United States should have invaded Iraq; the other editorial should state why the United States should not have invaded Iraq. Some points you may wish to consider: • What was the stated purpose of the invasion? • Why did the United States initiate a preemptive war? • Has the United States engaged in preemptive wars in the past? • Were there alternatives to invasion? • Was it reasonable to assume that the U.S. military could defeat the Iraqi military? • What strategy did the United States have for rebuilding the Iraqi government and economy after the fall of Saddam Hussein? • What was the American public asked to do to support the war effort? • What was the human cost of the war on Iraq and on the United States? • What was the economic impact of the war on Iraq and on the United States? • How did the invasion affect relations between the United States and its traditional allies? • How did the invasion affect relations between the United States and other nations of the Middle East? if you can do it, email it to me at rachelltalbot@yahoo.com thanks!