Introduction of decision making?
Decision making means to select a course of action from two or more possibilities. It is done to achieve a specific attainable goal or to solve a specific problem. Decision making helps to utilise the available resources for performing the objectives of the organisation.It helps the organisation to face and undertake new problems and challenges.It helps to obtain higher return at low cost.It facilitates innovation which give new ideas ,new process etc.
Is there an optimal size for a group of individuals to make decisions together?
It depends on what you mean by "optimal". Do you mean by speed? Efficiency? accuracy? Social friction? You're also trying to apply a formula to such a subjective question. There are more parameters than just "how well members of a group know each other" or "how many people there are in the group" that aren't quantifiable. You can look at an extreme case: Steve Jobs. He basically makes all the final decisions with high efficiency (compared to other companies) and high accuracy, but with a lot of people being reprimanded. But no one is ever that accurate. But Steve Jobs doesn't make ALL the decisions: he has Senior Vice Presidents who make decisions for him in certain fields while Jobs gives the okay. Similarly, this is what you should be doing in a project with 12 people. Split the project into sections, for example in a coding project, the view, the model/controller, the documentation, and the presentation, and allocate personnel accordingly. Have one person in each section lead it, and have all the leaders communicate with each other and [or have one leader] make final decisions. This is basically how Committees in Congress works, but their speed, accuracy and efficiency are pretty damn low.
Why did the founding fathers decide to choose a presidential republic instead of a parliamentary one?
The long answer is that the framers of the US constitution wanted divided sovereignty. They wanted a separation of powers. Some powers would be vested in the legislative branch, others in the judicial branch, and yet others in the administration. This would prevent any one branch from having unchecked ability to exercise its will. The framers also, incidentally, wanted powers divided between the federal and state governments. For example, the federal government has enumerated powers; all powers not in their enumerated powers, become states prerogatives.In a parliamentary system, power is vested in the party that attains a majority. The framers did not like this.All of this resulted in part from the framers having a sort of dismal view of human nature. They did not trust in benevolent monarchy or even the benevolence of the majority. They wanted a huge number of formal checks in place to prevent tyranny.As Federalist Papers (esp number 9) shows, there were arguments in favor of divided powers. Federalist 51 is really the best document for this in my opinion. You might also check out the Anti-Federalist Papers.In contrast to the US system, both monarchies and modern parliamentary systems do not apportion sovereignty between branches. Parliamentary systems do not have a separate executive. Rather, executive powers rest with leaders drawn from the parliament (the prime minister and his/her cabinet). This means that there is no separate executive branch to counterbalance a potential tyranny of the majority in the legislative branch (or vice versa). “Ambition is not made to counteract ambition,” to borrow a phrase from Federalist 51.TL;DR: Because the founders wanted a separation of powers, the US has a presidential system of government with checks and balances.Why did the US Founding Fathers not use a parliamentary system for the Constitution? • r/AskHistorians
How can teams improve at decision making?
It is not uncommon that teams disagree. In this article I’m not going to talk about how to avoid these situations, instead, I’ll focus on how to proceed once a discussion has reached a deadlock.Focus on decisions, not on discussionsDiscussions can go on and on until a person gives up. This is not what you generally want to happen. You should rather turn the never-ending discussion into a decision to be made, with a number of options to choose from.Understand where they standAsk your team members to add arguments for the different options. But also ask them how important the arguments are. Collective decision making is about gathering opinions and views.Suggest a decisionIt needs to boil down to a decision. So go ahead and suggest one. Then go back to your team and tell them what you suggest, and the rationale for it. You will be amazed how easily your team will accept your decision. And for a single and simple reason. You have listened to them! Their opinions are taken into account, even though the outcome is not exactly what they hoped for.What if it backfires?Of course, there is a chance for failure. Someone really doesn’t like your decision. Then ask that person, is it something I have missed or do we value a certain argument differently? Once you have identified the difference in reasoning, make it explicit. e.g. “I think I value smaller and faster releases very high, while you see a value in major releases for PR purposes.” And then go ahead with your decision.Remember, collective decision making is about gathering opinions and views and not about unanimous decisions. The final say can still be up to a single child. A consensus is not needed!
How do partners in a partnership firm make decisions?
Hi there,the decisions in the partnership firms are taken as per mutual agreement called partnership deedthis can help you morehttps://www.e-startupindia.com/g...hope this help
Is killing yourself a sin?
It actually covers a few sins. Though shalt not kill, and also lack of faith in God that his grace is suffiecient for you and that he will pull you through, and lack of faith in God's strength in our weakness. David was depressed in the bible, and so was Solomon, Job went through horrible things and wailed and lamented, but they trusted in God and did not take their lives. We also are not to scar and abuse ourselves or to abuse our temples, our bodies, in any way. God will always make a way to obey him and to do what is right. The bad thing about suicide is if you die in taking your life, what time do you have to repent? You cant repent before you commit the sin. It is a willful decision of your own choice, no one can make you do it or do it to you and still have it be considered suicide unless you told them to do it and then the sin is on both of you. To try to repent before you commit the sin, murdering your body, is still sin and is not repentence because God says to know what is right and to do wrong anyways is sin. It's a hard subject and I dare not judge anyone, but speaking from what the bible tells us that is my take on it. Only God truly is the judge but I'd say to be better safe than sorry stick with God and trust in him with all of your heart even when everything seems to be contrary. God will relieve you in time. If you yourself are suffering with depression have people pray for you and know that God will not let the devil destroy you if you are walking with him as he has promised to guard and guide those that are his and he will not give them more than they can handle. He always offers an alternative and it is up to us to take that one. He loves you. If you arent God's child, he offers that to you through Jesus Christ if you are willing to make Jesus your Lord and Savior and ask him to come into your heart and life and change you and forgive you of all of your sins and to lead and guide and comfort you, though we still have our trials but he is with us. He loves you so much! Hugs and blessings.
How should a business leader make decisions?
A business leader should make a decision from a sense of purpose, not position. That purpose should be relevant to the goals that he has in conjunction with, and not separate from the people he leads. The decision will rarely, if ever be unilateral.It should be values based (the values of the company, his own, and those of the team), while also being supported at least somewhat by data. Data can be deceiving, however, and manipulated so extra caution should be exercised here.Colin Powell said, "Great leaders are almost always great simplifiers, who can cut through argument, debate and doubt to offer a solution everybody can understand."One of my inspirations is Richard Branson, who has 4 rules for making decisions.1. Don't act on an emotional response2. Identify the downsides to the decision3. Look at the big picture4. Protect the downsideRichard Branson's 4 Rules For Making Difficult DecisionsIn light of Twitter's decision to lay off hundreds (8%) of employees, I have to think that returning CEO Jack Dorsey has considered all of the above, regardless of how the media spins it.Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey Confirms Layoffs With Tweet
I need help with my paper! I need journal articles.?
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How do you get your employees to listen to you?
well for starters you can give them reason to want to work also known as motivation there are many differnt ways to do this if you dont have much money maybe buy a scratch off and say anyone who does this and this gets the prize or something that can relate to the type of work you do over there also maybe have contests whoever does so and so gets a $5 bonus etc... these little motivate people and make them want to work the only other alternative is the not so nice way to just threaten them in terms of work off course such as if you dont do your work you will recieve a small penalty and you choose which it will be
What is your prediction on the 2019 elections?
However election are over 1 year ahead and things will drastically change in this period.Bjp will be single largest party once again.Congress will gain seats. Congress seats may get doubled.Bjp will try to get allies in many states. If BJP fails to get allies. It’s tally will come down. If they get good allies, it’s tally may reach 2014 numbers.Bjp is bound to loss seats in Delhi, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana, Uttrakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Chattisgarh, Himachal, Karnataka, J&K. No scope of improvement in these states as Bjp all seats in most of states in 2014.Bjp will gain in Bengal, Odisha, Assam, Bihar.Aap will gain in Delhi. May get over 10 seats all over country.Aap will become 3rd largest party in respect of vote share.A lot depends on assembly election results of MP, Rajasthan, Chattisgarh. If BJP wins 2 states out of this, Bjp will attract more allies. If loses 2 or more states, even current allies will abandon Bjp.Agenda of voting will be Pakistan, Muslims, Ram Mandir, Kabristan, Dalits, Army, Nationalism.Educated, Upper Caste and middle class people will not vote on issue of Crime, Corruption, Unemployment, Injustice, Electoral reforms, Police reforms.If BJP get more allies, Bjp will stay. If not, possibly hung assembly and horse trading. Regional parties may gain substantially.Cheers!