Which Statement Describes The Arrhenius Interpretation Of Acids And Bases It Has A Wider Range Of

What are acids and bases and what does a pH scale measure in chemistry?

DefinitionAccording to the simplest definition (Arrhenius Definition) , acids are substances which are able to provide H+ ions, and bases are substances which can supply OH- ions.Well, things gets complex if you consider other definitions like Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory, which define acids as proton donors and bases as proton acceptors and proton is nothing but the hydrogen cation, or H+. A compound that acts as both a Bronsted-Lowry acid and base together is called amphoteric. This took the Arrhenius definition one step further, as a substance no longer needed to be composed of hydrogen (H+) or hydroxide (OH-) ions in order to be classified as an acid or base.There's another defnition by Lewis acids and bases, which define acids as electron pair acceptors and bases as electron pair donors.pH ScalepH scale is negative logarithmic scale of hydrogen ion concentration. Mathematically, pH= - log [H+]It's a scale generally seen from 0 to 14, with 7 being the neutral non-acidic, non-basic value. below 7, the substance is acidic since it has higher H+ concentration and above 7 it has more OH- concentration (which manifests as lower H+ concentration). P.S. We arrive at the figure of 14 because of self-ionization of water. The concentration of H3O+ and OH- are equal in pure water because of the stoichiometric ratio. The molarity of H3O+ and OH- in water are also both 1.0×10−7M at 25° C. Therefore, a constant of water (Kw)  is created to show the equilibrium condition for the self-ionization of  water. The product of the molarity of hydronium and hydroxide ion is  always 1.0×10−14.Further readings: The pH Scale - ChemwikiAcid/Base Basics

What are the differences between acids and bases?

The main difference is that Acids are proton donors or electron pair acceptors whereas Base are proton acceptors or electron pair donors.Acids are sour in taste while Bases are bitter in taste.Acids are corrosive in nature whereas Bases are soapy in nature.Acids turn blue litmus paper into red whereas in case of Bases they turn red litmus paper into blue.Acids have pH less than 7 but Bases have pH greater than 7.Acids react with metals to produce compound and hydrogen gas while bases do not react with metals .Acids are able to increase the H+ ions concentration in an aqueous solution whereas Bases are able to increase the OH- ions in an aqueous solution.

What's the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid?

Strong AcidStrong acids will dissociate completely to produce H+ ions.pH values will be around 0 to 1.Most of the inorganic acids are strong acids in nature.Ex: H2SO4, HNO3, HCl…etcWeak AcidWeak acids will dissociate partially to produce H+ ions.pH values will be around 5 to 7.All organic acids are weak acids.Ex: CH3COOH, HNO2, H2SO3…etc

Why is the heat of the neutralization of a strong acid and a strong base constant?

The standard heat of neutralization is constant for a strong acid and a strong base.The strong acid for example HCl is already in ionized form(in polar solvent like water(default)) as H+ and Cl- ions .Likewise, strong base like NaOH is also in ionized form as OH- ions and Na+ ions.When you mix them in standard concentrations, the Na+ ions and Cl- ions remain as ions in new mixture but H+ and OH- ions combine to form water.H+ And OH- gives H2OThe formation of water is exothermic in nature and releases same amount of heat for any strong acod and base as the concentrations of H+ and OH- will be equal in standard concentrations.

Is water an acid or base?

Why does water shows properties of both acid and base? For this we need to know first what water is…Water is a molecule that is covalently bonded between two different species that are OH- aand H+.Now lets see what an acid is.. ANY species having a H+ (Cation of hydrogen) is called acid.What a base is.. ANY species having an OH- (anion of hydroxide) is called a base.Now you can know why Water has both acidic and basic properties. Because it has both H+ and OH-.Whenever Water reacts with an acid, its OH- part takes an action and water behaves as a base while when it meets a base, its H+ does the work and now water behaves as an acid. That’s why it is also called Amphoteric.Water knows how to deal with both.. Pretty clever it is…I hope that answers to your question.

Is the reaction between NH3 + HCl = NH4+ a neutralisation reaction?

Edit: As a few people have mentioned, this *is* a neutralization reaction in water due to the active bases and acids being different in an aqueous solution. However, in the case that the reactants are *not* in water, my below explanation is adequate.If these are aqueous solutions, then yes. Otherwise (as you have written it), no, for a couple of reasons.The term “neutralization reaction”, in reality, refers to one reaction and one reaction onlyOH- + H+ <-> H2O,Whenever you think of the characteristic example of HCl+NaOH -> H2O + NaCl, the above reaction is what characterizes it as being neutralization. When other reactions are called neutralization reactions, it is because they actually contain the above component.In the above question example, what you have occurring is an acid base reaction, but not a neutralization. The full version of the reaction is as follows.NH3 + HCl <-> NH4+ + Cl-A key thing here is that you are not forming water, a neutral molecule that is neither an acid nor a base, (or, rather, it is both equally). What you *are* forming, is a solution that is less reactive overall, but isn’t neutral. The particles on the favored side (the right side in this case), are going to be an acid and a base, but less reactive than their counterparts on the un-favored side.In this case, the weak base NH3 and strong acid HCl, react to form the weak base Cl- and the strong (kinda) acid NH4+. Note that NH4+ is a weaker acid than HCl and Cl- is a weaker base than NH3. The result will be a solution that is overall still acidic, (as evidenced by the strong (kinda) acid and weak base), but less reactive.If you’re a bit confused, I can see why. You might be saying, “If the solution is more neutral than when you started, does that not mean it’s a neutralization”? That’s a good question, and no, that doesn’t make it a neutralization. The reason why is because that’s a trait in common with *all* acid/base interactions, so we call the specific situations where water is formed neutralization reactions, because those reactions actually have the potential to become completely neutral.

Is baking soda an acid or a base?

As far as I know, baking soda is sodium bicarbonate (or sodium hydrogencarbonate), with a formula of NaHCO3.Apart from using a pH indication, we can also tell it from the chemical perspective: if it reacts with acid, it should be a base; if it reacts with a base, it should be an acid. This rule is mostly true, and largely depends on your meaning of base. Some even considers nitric acid as base when reacting with sulfuric acid, which gives away proton in the process. Base can meanit is “basic”, having a pH of above 7, orreact with acid, orsimply a proton acceptor.If you regard 1) as your definition, Christian’s answer suffices.If you regard 2) as your definition,Acid + Baking soda → Carbon dioxide + water + sodium saltH+ + NaHCO3 → CO2+H2O+Na+If you regard 3) as your definition, the reaction above also applies. However, it might also react with strong base, in which case it behaves as an acid:NaHCO3+ NaOH→ Na2CO3 + H2O (in this case, baking soda donates a proton to the hydroxide ion to become water)So it largely depends on which case you are referring to.