Why did the Protestant Reformation Spread so Fast? ?
The protestant reformation spread quickly because of humanism. Humanism encouraged learning for the sake of learning. Humanism greatly increased the knowledge of people and people began to realize the shortcomings of the clergy.Lutheranism spread particularly fast in Germany because as the christian pope lost power so did the holy roman emperor who at the time was leader of all of the german princes. The princes supported Lutheranism because as the HRE lost power they gained power and former church land became theirs increasing their wealth. German peasants also agreed with Luther's humanistic ideas of gaining knowledge ( he believed in a "priesthood of all believers" where people read and determine meaning of bible themselves) the peasants also agreed with Luther's idea of equality but he meant spiritual equality not social equality. Which is the reason he did not support the peasants in the peasant revolt Hope this helps
Why did the Protestant Reformation lead to war? Describe the major conflicts, their causes, and their resolutions.?
The Catholic Monarchs felt it necessary to try and maintain only one religion in their countries as a unifying force. This posed a huge problem for the Holy Roman Emperor, because their major holding, Germany was in itself a collection of petty kingdoms, each with it's own king or duke. Seven of which were actually Electors, in other words the Emperor needed their vote to be Emperor. When the Protestant Revolution came along they saw it as a means of gaining independence from the Holy Roman Emperor. They also saw it as a means of keeping the wealth of the kingdom in the kingdom rather that watch large amounts being siphoned off by Rome. This created a huge amount of tension. All it took was a spark to set it off. The spark was the election or a new king for Bohemia in 1918, which was a crown land of the Holy Roman Emperor. The Bohemian throne was also one of the Electors which made it even more desirable. But the people got the privilege of electing their own King (don't ask I don't understand this part either). As such when the people decided to elect Frederick V the Elector of the Palatinate, a Protestant instead of Ferdinand, the Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand simply refused to let it rest, negotiate, work through it piece at a time. Instead he declared war and mobilized the Army and set off the 30 years war.
What was the Catholic response to the Protestant Reformation?
The Thirty Years War was a pointless war. Martin Luther was correct with his disagreement with the Roman Catholic Church's practice of Indulgence. But he should have worked within the Church rather then braking away from the Church. The cause of this war was over the Church building wealth to buy forgiveness for people's sins so they could enter heaven, and the fact that Martin Luther's ambition and glorification to create his own church (not reforming the Roman Catholic Church). To answer your question the Roman Catholic Church began the Counter Reformation. The Council of Trent from (1545-1563 A.D.) began the Counter Reformation. It began with Pope Paul III and ended with Pope Pius IV. The Counter-Reformation was a comprehensive effort, composed of five major elements: Doctrine Ecclesiastical or structural reconfiguration Religious orders Spiritual movements Political dimensions
Why did the Protestant Reform happen?
The Protestant Reformation was a movement in Europe that began with Martin Luther's activities in 1517, with roots further back in time. It ended with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. The movement began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church. Many western Christians were troubled by what they saw as false doctrines and malpractices within the Roman Catholic Church, particularly involving the teaching and sale of indulgences. Another major contention was the practice of buying and selling church positions (simony) and the tremendous corruption found at the time within the Roman Catholic Church's hierarchy. This corruption was systemic at the time, even reaching the position of the Pope. On 31 October 1517, in Saxony (in what is now Germany), Martin Luther nailed his Ninety-Five Theses to the door of the Wittenberg Castle Church, which served as a notice board for university-related announcements. These were points for debate that criticized the Church and the Pope. The most controversial points centered on the practice of selling indulgences and the Church's policy on purgatory. Luther's spiritual predecessors were men such as John Wycliffe and Jan Hus. Other reformers, such as Ulrich Zwingli and John Calvin, soon followed Luther's lead. Church beliefs and practices under attack by Protestant reformers included Purgatory, particular judgment, devotion to Mary, the intercession of and devotion to the saints, most of the sacraments, the mandatory celibacy requirement of its clergy (including monasticism), and the authority of the Pope. The most important denominations to emerge directly from the Reformation were the Lutherans, the Reformed/Calvinists/Presbyterians, and the Anabaptists. The Protestant Reformation is also referred to as the "German Reformation", "Protestant Revolution", "Protestant Revolt", and, in Germany, the "Lutheran Reformation". The process of reform had decidedly different causes and effects in England, where it gave rise to Anglicanism. There the period became known as the English Reformation. Subsequent Protestant denominations generally trace their roots back to the initial reforming movements. The reformers also accelerated the Catholic or Counter Reformation within the Roman Catholic Church.
How did the Protestant Reformation affect the Catholic Church?
i think of that it helped the Catholics to define itself slightly greater. With an opposing view that's easily-defined and effectively argued right this moment, we've a Catholic faith that still keeps its numbers alright. i ask your self whether the Calvinists initially thought that the Catholic numbers would be decimated over the years. no longer the case. surely, that is Calvinism that has gotten the quick end of the stick, particularly with the upward thrust of Arminianism. Calvinism is disregarded -- and the accusations stick -- as theology that has God as a puppeteer, that in case you finally end up saved, that is it, stay existence the style you like, you're good to pass. God supposedly has the ants under a magnifying glass, turning a number of his very own advent into reprobates, just to exhibit screen them squirm in Hell. And the Calvinists have long when you consider that spoke back with their very own accusations against the Catholics in its very own creeds and confessions. does not remember, no person reads them. I asked a query it sluggish in the past to work out how Catholics spoke back to certainly one of those accusations in the Heidelberg Catechism, and whilst the rants have been carried out, the Catechism's answer stood out as real. Logically, Calvinism gained. Did it remember? no longer in the slightest degree. perchance on account that individual became chosen to be an ant under the magnifying glass, LOL.
Oh, crumbs, is THAT a question! My answer is going to be a long way from being perfect, so be warned:Protestantism tends to be highly individualistic, since it says that all men can have a personal relationship with God. This wound up meaning that lots of peasants and working-class people and city boys started to think that feudalism wasn’t such a great idea.Religion gave kings and princes a brand new reason to go to war against each other. They did this so much that they had to invent whole new ways of conducting warfare: instead of buying off mercenaries left and right, and calling up aristocratic levies, armies and kings actually had to (gasp!) centralise! This undercut the feudal system too.After people decided that they’d had enough of religious warfare, they decided around 1648 that although they might make life difficult for a Dissenter in their country, they weren’t going to wholesale murder them. It wasn’t worth the effort.People thinking that they could be theologically correct led to a proliferation of sectsThe argument about whether Church or State should be stronger took on a completely different formThe Scots started teaching everybody to read and write so that they could read the Bible. Later on, the Welsh and the New Englanders did the same.Politics took on more of a grassroots dimension that in some cases were actually successful (kind of). Case in point, English Civil War.I guess you could say it changed Europe like the Sixties changed America - changes of heart and mind that went in all sorts of intellectual and theological directions.
How did the Crusades, Renaissance, and Reformation lead to the Age of Exploration?
During the crusades, the Europeans encountered the Muslim world, which was more advanced than theirs in several ways. So, Europeans had found number of interesting goods & products, learned of new inventions. & gradually took the science & philosophy Muslims had preserved & advanced. During the renaissance, Europeans began to see the world in a different way. Especially with the Greek philosophy Muslims had preserved, Europeans began to challenge their own premises, which eventually led to the reformation. The old idea that earth is flat was very challenged, & so number of Europeans sailed around the world to discovered new opportunities & eventually they proved that earth is not flat.