Can I put clay in water?
The previous answerer was giving you information about earthen clay (the kind from the ground, which is often glazed/sealed and "fired" in a kiln with very high heat after air-drying). "Oven bake clay" is a very different thing and is technically called "polymer clay" (Premo, Fimo, Sculpey, etc); it's "baked" at very low heat in a home oven. Polymer clay is oil-based (not water-based and "air-dry" like most other "clays") so it has no water to lose and can't "dry" out and is pretty impervious to water. In other words, it can't "dissolve" in water, etc --it's basically plastic. However, when polymer clay is *completely submerged* in water *over a long period of time* like 4-6 months/etc, it can absorb the tiniest amount of water into its surface and a "whitish coating" will show up on the darker colors. That water will dry out if the clay item is allowed back into the air. The absorbed water and/or drying won't hurt the clay though or make it less strong. (There are also some liquids that won't allow that to happen, and other workarounds.) Polymer clayers put cured/baked polymer clay items into homemade "snowglobes" all the time, and also use near fountains and leave outside in the rain/snow/etc. (Some colors can *fade* a bit with prolonged UV exposure outdoors though, esp. reds and some blues.) However, polymer clay shouldn't be used in aquariums with live fish on the chance that the clay hadn't been *completely* polymerized during baking and some plasticizer/etc could leach into the water. (It can be put behind the tank though, or on the exterior of the glass.) You can read much more about using polymer clay in or near water, as well as outdoors, on this page of my polymer clay encyclopedia site if you're interested: http://glassattic.com/polymer/outdoor_sn... HTH
How do you make an underwater volcano?
Line a deep pan with tin foil. Melt crayons in it. Pour metled crayons on a plate you don't mind destroynig. While still hot, plunge straight down into a sink or tub of cold water...
Can you really dig tunnels underwater?
Tunnels can be dug undersea but it takes incredible effort to conduct feasibility studies, plan, design, and engineer them. One of the most incredible underwater tunnel is the Channel Tunnel, a 32-mile undersea tunnel that connects France and the United Kingdom. The project costed over $5 billion dollars.Figure 1 shows the map of the Channel Tunnel.What makes the Channel Tunnel an incredible feat of engineering is the fact that the tunnel was dug between layers of marine sediments, which required a sound understanding of the composition of the marine sediments because digging the tunnel in the wrong layer could cause the tunnel to collapse and flood with water. Engineering survey of the underground marine sediments alone took nearly 20 years because the project stalled several times due to budget constraints and other factors.Marine sediments in the English Channel is comprised of four layers: Grey Chalk, Chalk Marl, Glauconitic Marl, and Gault Clay. Figure 2 shows the topography of different layers of sediments embedded in the English Channel.The Grey Chalk sediment was essentially too soft because it is right below the water. The Gault Clay layer was too hard to dig because the layers of sediments were not easily penetrable with the boring machines, and the Glauconitic Marl layer was simply thin. The Chalk Marl layer of the sediment is comprised of mud-stones so it was just the right composition of sediment and depth.The tunnel was dug using boring machines that essentially spun and cut through the mud-stones embedded in the Chalk Marl layer and the residue of the sediments were collected from behind. The lining of the tunnel is designed for 120 years and requires regular maintenance to prevent cracks that could propagate out of control.Today, the Channel Tunnel is used by millions of visitors crossing between France and the United Kingdom. And Elon Musk’s Boring Company is using similar machines to dig tunnels for the hyper-loop project.ReferencesChannel Tunnel - WikipediaTunnel boring machine - WikipediaThe Channel Tunnel: 20 fascinating facts
What is air dry clay? Can it be waterproof?
Air-dry clays are all water-based, although the rest of their ingredients can vary a huge amount as well as the characteristics of each. Many air-dry clays can be made at home, and some can be purchased. Air-dry clays all “dry” to harden because they’re water-based, where most all other “clays” are oil-based and can’t technically “dry” because there’s no water in them to evaporate out and cause hardening.Air-dry clays must be sealed after drying or they won’t be waterproof, and they must be sealed on every part and in every hole, etc, or moisture can get to the clay and begin to dissolve it over time leaving it softened, distorted, etc. The most common sealants for most air-dry clays are permanent paints like acrylic paints (and other permanent ones), and permanent clear finishes like polyurethanes, permanent white glues (which won’t be as effective over time with serious water exposure), acrylic mediums, sealers/finishes “sold for” clays, etc. Another clear finish is clear epoxy resin or epoxy glue.Air-dry clays also need sealing if they were made with flours or other foods since critters can begin gnawing on them otherwise.Earthen clays are water-based but can be made much harder after drying by being fired in a kiln, but to be waterproof they’d need to be coated with (ground glass) “glazes” then fired again.Btw, the other 3 main kinds of “clay” are oil-based so they don’t need sealing in order to be waterproof. Two of them can be hardened (polymer clay, with heat) and epoxy clay (once the two parts of it have been mixed together), and one can’t be hardened (plasticine-type clay).
How can I make crayola air dry clay waterproof?
I have a project that I have to do and it's on the great barrier reef, so I thought it would be cool to make little sculptures of sea creatures and put them in a small glass tank(like for fishes) full of water to make it seem realistic, but the problem is when the dry clay gets wet it gets soft and dissolves. So can i bake the already dry clay to make it waterproof? Is it safe? Or is there any type of product I can buy to spray on them to make it waterproof?
How do I make natural air dry clay water-proof?
You can make any air-dry clay *water-resistant* by just coating it with a permanent sealer. That could be something clear like polyurethane, or decoupage medium (Mod Podge) or thinned-down permanent white glue, or acrylic or other permanent paints, etc. Most of those sealers won't be totally *water-proof* though if they're in constant contact with water/etc over time (like being used as a vase or submerged under water). The sealers will usually (eventually) soften and perhaps peel, etc. Some sealers will last much longer than others in those situations though. Coating with 2-part epoxy resin would usually give longer protection, or a marine/outdoor version of polyurethane applied correctly. If you want to paint on top of any dried air-dry clay, just wait till it dries (and shrinks which they all do to some extent), then paint with any permanent paint. Or paint with a non-permanent paint, then top coat with a clear permanent sealer. Be sure to cover all areas of the item inside and out, or any moisture present can work its way in from any non-covered areas, cracks, etc. There's more about sealing air-dry clays, as well as the kinds of "clay" there are these days, in my previous answer here: http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?... http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?... (ignore the 2nd paragraph) Amaco is a company that makes various kinds of clays, from air-dry (some of which will be kiln-firing), to non-hardening "modeling clays," etc: https://www.google.com/images?q=amaco+cl... http://www.amaco.com/shop/groups-6-firing-clays.html http://www.amaco.com/shop/category-176-air-dry-and-self-hardening-clays.html http://www.amaco.com/shop/category-177-modeling-sculpting-materials.html Since we don't know which Amaco clay product you have, you might want check out more info re sealing/etc for each product at the amaco.com site from the links above. Or do a Google search for the exact name of your clay along with the word seal to find out more about sealing that particular product. (You can just add your product name to the end of this search string if you want: https://www.google.com/search?q=how+do+seal+Amaco+clay )
When was the first underwater tunnel constructed and how difficult was the project?
A2a Hi Cody . That was the Rotherhithe to Wapping tunnel under the Thames started 1825 and finished in 1843 , built by the great Isambard Kingdom Brunel . But attempts to do it were earlier than that when Cornish miners and Richard Trevithick dug so far but found the clay too soft to deal with and problems with water . Brunel took 18 years , had drowned workers and having to refinance the project ,then it was only suitable for walking through , but the technique he used led to further tunnels under the Thames and it's similar to how tunnelling is done today , especially with the cross rail link .
If fire is impossible underwater (and in turn, cooking, metallurgy, and clay baking.), is it safe to assume that intelligent aquatic cannot pass the early Stone Age in technology?
Here’s what I’ll say: I think that by human developmental standards, maybe it wouldn’t be possible for aquatic life to pass certain specific human milestones that are only possible (without serious technology) with oxygen gas and a lack of water everywhere. Now does that mean that they can’t surpass humans in technology and general evolution and intelligence? Absolutely not.Even though the tech would develope differently, it doesn’t mean that that life would be less evolved. It would just mean that the tech would be different. Underwater, there are heat vents and volcanos that could melt iron and “cook” certain foods. Evolution of technology changes depending on how you look at it.Hope this helps.
Does kiln-baked clay pottery decompose with the passage of time?
‘Time’s wheel runs back or stops; potter and clay endure’—-Robert BrowningIn English you fire pottery in a kiln. You do not bake it. Regular baking ovens get to around 500 F. Pizza ovens may get to 800 F. High fire pottery kilns get to 2,400 degrees.When clay is fired the silica and other elements melt and change. It is not just dried clay. It is much more like stone. Clay is chemically decomposed igneous rocks. In a way, firing clay returns it to a stone-like state. As such, it will weather and decompose like stone. In other words, it will change very slowly as a long geologic process.The oldest fired clay objects that we have found so far are about 25,000–29,000 years old. The main thing that happens in that time period is breaking, not decomposing. Those objects are very low fired, probably to 1,600 F. If they had had the knowledge to create kilns (it was just knowledge not new tech) and make high fired pottery then even more would have survived. This figurine is about 26,000 years old. There are 7,000 more objects and kilns that have been found. It is from a Paleolithic site near BrnoThis is a Jomon pot from Japan made about 7,000 years ago. It was used to make fish stews.This is from the same culture about 5,000 years ago, the same age as Stonehenge.