What are the features of American Romanticism?
I'm no expert, but I think it's this: Freedom! That's 'Murica, brother.But seriously, I do think that's it exactly. For decades on either side of the War of Independence, American culture was infused with a moralism so austere and prudish even Europeans (including the famously prim and proper British) thought it strange. For us, the Romantic Movement was a chance to make another one of our classic bids for freedom: American Romanticism meant bringing a moralism more free, less rigid, into our art and philosophy and thereby our society.Another (possibly incidental) effect of American Romanticism was an increase in female authorship and readership, but as this coincided with the advent of the printing press and a generally more open distrubution of books and knowledge, that may well be entirely coincidental.Probably the most notable result of American Romanticism was Transcendentalism, an American-born movement with a Romanticist spirit and a thoroughly New England soul. The works of Transcendentalists, such as poster boys Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau, were heavily inspired by the Romantic Movement.
What is romanticism in architecture?
Romanticism in architecture is an umbrella term that covers many of the European 19th century 'revivalist' and Eastern influenced styles; Neoclassical/Greek Revival, Gothic Revival, Baroque Revival, Romanesque Revival and Indo-Saracenic are some examples.The Romantic period in the arts kicked off with the excavations and the rediscovery of ancient ruins from the Roman and Greek periods of antiquity. This led to an explosion of ancient Greco-Roman temple architecture being revived in new architectural arrangements. It celebrated a sense of 'purity' that had, it was thought, become 'polluted' by science and rational philosophies. This is rather ironic, when today, it is science and technology that is seen as 'pure' and architecture that tries to use elements from the past is now thought of as 'kitsch', but there you go.As an architectural movement, it came about as a reaction against the increasing rationalism creeping into intellectual discourse during the late 18th century, during the 'age of enlightenment' and was also opposed to the excesses and over-elaborate Baroque and Rococo styles. The Romantic period coincided with the industrial revolution and the more 'functional' aesthetics of the mills and bridges were seen as structures that could not sufficiently nourish the 'emotional', 'nationalist' and 'exotic' aspects of European cultures. Each of the major European powers were scrambling to stake their claim on architectural styles that reflected their glorious past, nature's sublime beauty and European cultural openness to the world.In particular, later on, it was the medieval, Gothic, nostalgia that was most celebrated as a kind of artistic 'nationalism' and its less rigid, more 'religious' and more 'nature-inspired' aspects and motifs (gargoyles, leaves, animals and trees etc.) were revived in the Gothic Revival (aka Neo-Gothic) styles of architecture.Some British ExamplesGreek RevivalBritish Museum, London - Robert Smirk (Architect)Gothic RevivalHouses of Parliament, London - Charles Barry (Architect)Houses of Parliament, London - AWN Pugin (Interior consultant)Indo-SaracenicRoyal Pavilion, Brighton - John Nash (Architect)
How/why did English Romanticism affect Modern (American) literature?
It is quite possible this occurred the other way around. You will need to check my source, to see if that makes sense to you. The statement is made the Romantic Movement which took place in England and throughout Europe between approximately 1770 and 1848 was strongly influenced by the Revolutions in America as well as France. This statement comes within the firs three sentences of Drabble, cited below. The next source speaks of European Romanticism almost exclusively and links it to American authors of the 'Pre-Civil War era' along with the topic of Transcendentalism. Look for Kuiper, mentioned below: You may want to look at both of my sources for an inkling as to the identity of the person(s) who composed the actual entry in each. You may also want to take your concerns to a university librarian who may be able to assist you in further research by looking for scholarly articles and possibly even texts on the topic by beginning a search in the Abstracts located in the Reference Section of that library. The librarian will help you through the next step(s) as necessary.
Describe Romanticism and its influence on the literature of 1800-1840?
"The term designates a literary and philosophical theory that tends to see the individual at the center of all life, and it places the individual, therefore, at the center of art, making literature valuable as an expression of unique feelings and particularly attitudes and valuing its fidelity in portraying experiences, however fragmentary and incomplete, more than it values adherence to completeness, unity, or the demands of genre. It often sees in nature a revelation of truth, the 'living garment of God,' and a more suitable subject for art than those aspects of the world sullied by artifice. It seeks to find the absolute, the ideal, by transcending the actual." It is important to note that Romanticism in England (1798-1870) was very different than Romanticism in America (1830-1865). Key points about the English Romantic period, which I assume you are asking about given the dates include: There is some cynicism, expressed in the form of abusive parody and satire, but optimism was the spirit of the times although it was often an optimism closely associated with the impulse to revolt and with radical political reform. In the second half of the period, the impact of the Industrial revolution was more deeply felt and the implications of the new science for philosophy and religion permeated literature and much of life; but it found itself seriously in conflict with much of the world around it, and out of that conflict came a literature of doubt and questioning. If, for example, the attitudes of Coleridge and Shelley are compared with those of Carlyle- all three clearly romantics- the extent to which the romanticism of the earlier period was being qualified by the conditions of industrial England and was being used to test those conditions becomes clearer. If you are asking about American Romanticism, please e-mail me at imhalf_the_sourgirl_iused_tobe@yahoo.com and I'd be happy to give you further information. Hope that helps!
How did the Romantic Period in England begin, and why?
Romanticism is a complex artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the Industrial Revolution.[1] It was partly a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature, and was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature.
What's the differences between American Romanticism and British Romanticism?
Here’s something that might help; it’s from William Rose Benet’s Encyclopaedia of World Literature: Romanticism is a term applied to the movement in European literature and the other arts that began toward the end of the 18th century. In emphasising the imagination and emotions over reason and intellect, the movement was a reaction against Neoclassicism. Broadly, romanticism might be said to involve the following characteristics: individualism; nature-worship; primitivism; an interest in medieval, Oriental, and vanished or alien cultures in general; philosophic idealism; a paradoxical tendency toward both free thought and religious mysticism; revolt against political authority and social convention; exaltation of physical passion; the cultivation of emotion and sensation for their own sakes; and a persistent attraction to the supernatural, the morbid, the melancholy, and the cruel. The French writer Rousseau is considered the father of romanticism, although its first manifestation appeared in Germany. Scattered English forerunners of romanticism in the later 18th century were Gray, Collins, Cowper, Burns, Chatterton, Blake and the Gothic novel. English romanticism flowered (1789-1832) in the work of Wordsworth, Coleridge, Shelley, Byron, Keats, Southey, Campbell, Moore, Leigh Hunt; Hood, Beddoes, Scott, Lamb, Hazlitt, De Quincey and Landor. In the US, romanticism developed at a later date than in Europe, and was less well defined, exhibiting modifications from the peculiar nature of American culture of the time with a strong emphasis on humanitarianism and reform. Foreign influences were chiefly German idealism, Rousseauistic nature worship, the Gothic novel, and the historical romance and pseudo-popular ballad of Scott. Among American romantic writers were Charles Brockden Brown, Cooper, Irving, Simms, Bryant, Poe, Emerson, Thoreau, Very, Hawthorne, Melville, Longfellow, Whittier, Lowell, and Whitman. Transcendentalism (c 1830-1861) is regarded as the clearest example of romanticism in the US. The romantic movement was arrested in its development in England after 1832, with only a brief revival under the pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, and in the US it was rapidly absorbed by native tendencies and other influences.
How is transcendentalism different from romanticism?
Romanticism and transcendentalism are closely related. However, there are certain concepts that are emphasized in both. These may be views on a person’s individuality, nature, philosophies, or spirituality.Romanticism started in Europe during the 18th century. It is an artistic, intellectual, and literary movement that shaped the start of the Industrial Revolution. The movement emphasized an aesthetic experience identifying new emotions as anxiety, awe, terror, and horror.Transcendentalism also started during this period. The term is coined from “transcendental” philosophy by Immanuel Kant. The transcendentalists have a strong faith in the power of divinity, nature, and individualism. However, these beliefs are relative to that of the romantics. Moreover, the transcendentalists believe that God is the center of the universe and respect should be given to Him. Ralph Waldo Emerson is one of the most popular transcendentalists even to now. He believes that wisdom and self-realization are the keys for growth. This concept also relates with good and bad. The lack of self growth and terror amongst fellows generates evil, and happiness and generosity are the good results of an act. Romantics believed in this concept as well; however, they likely stressed the power of good in preventing evil.Romanticism and transcendentalism have always been a literary movement appreciated in both American and British literature. It may have been forgotten due to the expansion of contemporary ideas and modernism. Both movements draw inspiration from something beyond the ordinary or something external from a human perception. This made it very popular during the second half of the 18th century.
What is romanticism architectural style?
Romanticism in architecture is more an attitude towards history than anything else. Neo-medieval styles (sometimes 19th century architects didn't make the difference between gothic and roman) are greatly appreciated, and most importantly ruins as it fits in the picturesque (William Gilpin), sublime (Edmund Burke) and gloomth (Lord Walpole). Those terms are most used for arts and literature, but they can also be used for architecture as art and architecture are conceived as a whole.One could say that neo-classicism is also part of the romantic ideal, however this “trend” started earlier in the 18th century and is by no means new. Medieval interest, however, really blooms at the end of the 19th century with romanticism. In England, this “trend” is not as strong as in France for instance, medieval influence is stronger.As the 19th century advances, most revivalist architectural styles (neo-greek, etc) are considered as “romantic”, although they endure until the end of the century.In short, there is no “proper” architectural style for romanticism and, to understand it better along with its mechanisms and ideals, it is necessary to look closely at romanticism in arts and literature.
Who started romanticism?
Shakespeare planted the seeds. Victor Hugo allowed them to grow into a massive tree. Others contributed: Shiller and Goethe in Germany, Corneille in France, Coleridge et. al. in England, and Harriet Beecher Stowe in the US. Romanticism and Romance are two separate and unequal things. The Romantic poets are probably the most remembered and unfortunately misunderstood.