Is symptoms and effects same thing?
No, symptoms are like what is use to categorize if you have something such as a cold etc. and effects are like what the outcome is! For example the symptoms to having a cold are sneezing, fever, and running nose. Effects of taking cold medicine are clearing up the cold (sometimes)!
Does it indicate a psychological disorder if you care too much about what others think of you?
not necessarily a disorder although it can lead to anxiety, panic attacks and even severe depression and sucicidal thoughts if you believe others to have power to mess with your life if they disgree with you... So you see, it starts out small and can be the root for other things...