Cations and Anions-the D section?
So I can see how an element like Lithium can lose an electron to have the same # of valence electrons like neon. But I don't really understand the D block, is there some sort of rule? Also is there a chart that lists all of the cations and anions on a clean clear way? (i really need one for my cation and anion memorization test) Thanks a lot.
How to remember cations and anions?
cation: atom or group of atoms carrying a positive charge and anion: atom or group of atoms carrying a negative charge Cations are positive, while anions are negative: * The letter t in cation looks like a positive plus sign +: ca+ion * Cations are pawsitive. * An ANION is A Negative ION. * Be POSITIVE about your CATs
How to memories cation and anion easily?
I hated that too! I don't know if this is what you're after but anyway, apart from a special few (which you do have to memorise) the easiest way is: Column 1 (Li, Na, etc.) = +1 charge Column 2 (Be, Mg, etc.) = +2 charge Column 3 (B, Al, etc.) = +3 charge Column 4 (C, Si, etc.) = +/- 4 charge Column 5 (N, P, etc.) = -3 charge Column 6 (O, S, etc.) = -2 charge Column 7 (F, Cl, etc.) = -1 charge Column 8 (He, Ne, etc. noble gases) = neutral so the pattern is 1,2,3,4/-4, -3, -2, -1, 0. After I was told that it was so easy!!! Good Luck :)
What do the endings on chemistry cations, anion, and compounds mean? like "ide", "ite", "ate", "ous", and "ic"?
Ous and ic apply to the neutral forms while ite and ate apply to anions. For example H2SO4 sulfuric acid, SO4(2-) sulfate, HNO3 nitric acid, NO3(2-) nitrate. The ide ending applies to species with a negative oxidation state such as LiAlH4 lithium aluminum hydride (the hydrogens are -1) To go lower in oxidation state than ous/ite you add hypo to the name, HOCl hypochlorous acid To go higher in oxidation state than ic/ate you add per to the name, HClO4 perchloric acid
Is there any techniques to naming cations and anions?
Cations are easy, except for "ammonium" (NH4+) most of the common ones are just the name of the metal, with a bracketed Roman number to indicate oxidation state if multiple ones are possible (eg iron (II) or iron (III)). Anions with only one element (no additional oxygen) end in -ide, those with the most stable amount of oxygen end in -ate and those with somewhat less in -ite. Unstable anions with even more than the optimum oxygen start in per- while those with less than the -ite content use the hypo- prefix. Examples: NaCl = Sodium Chloride (salt) NaClO = Sodium Hypochlorite (this is used in bleach) NaClO2 = Sodium Chlorite NaClO3 = Sodium Chlorate (formerly used as a weedkiller) NaClO4 = Sodium Perchlorate
What is a great technique to remember anions and cations?
Anions: AN(egative)ION Cations: think of the 't' being a positive sign. Also, ask your instructor if you can bring a notecard (standard acceptance in many chemistry classes). Another way if you have to memorize is just keep writing them out, over and over, saying them to yourself. Create a chart, add colors, listen to classical music while doing it---making as many connections possible, therby increasing the chances of more long term memory retention. You will get used to many of the different cations and anions because you will use them alot in your class.