Gravitational Pull and Electrostatic Force QUESTION!?
Both are inverse square law forces. Force between point or spherical charges or masses are proportional to in one case product of charges and in other case product of masses. Force acting on the pair of charges/masses are equal and opposite and produce acceleration inversely proportional to masses in both cases. The forces act along the line joining the two masses.. There are many other similarities because force is dependent on magnitude of r only and potential function has spherical symmetry. Because mass appears in expression of gravitational force too, this introduces some difference. it is popularly known as gravitational mass and inertial mass. In gravitation, there is only attraction. in electrostatic there is attraction as well as repulsion Electrostatic force is 10^40 times stronger than the gravitational force. Apart from electrostatic other forces come into play, moment charges start to move. such a case is not there with gravitational force. The other forces are velocity dependent and also do not follow the law of acting along the line of separation. Electrostatic field and accompanied magnetic field have established their existence irrespective of charges. but gravitational field is yet to gain that status. In general theory of relativity, Einstein makes gravitational force part of a bigger entity space time and matter. The particle of exchange responsible for electrostatic forces namely photon hs been discovered. But graviton is just postulated. Finally in the Universe, there is nothing like pure charge which is devoid of mass and pure mass which is devoid of any electromagnetic effect. Although gravitational force is weak it is the only ruling force which holds the Universe together because electromagnetic forces cancel each others effects.
We are not normally aware of the gravitational or electric force between two ordinary objects.?
Gravitational force between two objects lying on a surface is not felt because the frictional force with the surface is larget than the gravitational force and stops them from getting any velocity towards each other. However, you can feel the gravitational force when you try to jump up. You are being attracted by the earth which makes it difficult to make a high jump. Electrical force does not exist between electrically neutral objects. For that the objects must be electrically charged. You can conduct a simple experiment to observe it. Just comb your hair with a plastic comb and bring the comb near tiny pieces of newpaper. You will find they are attraced towards the comb. The reason is that the comb acquires an electric charge on friction with hair and when it is brought near the pieces of paer, it induces opposite charge on the part of pieces of paper near the comb and thus attracts them.
What is the difference between gravitational force and electrostatic force?
The differences are:Electrostatic force is force between two charges separated by distance in space while gravitational force is the force between two masses separated by a distance.Electrostatic force is either repulsive or attractive while gravitational force is always attractive.Two charges 1 coulomb each separated by a distance 1 meter in space is will attract or repulse with a force of 9×109N while two masses each of 1kg separated by a distance 1m will attracted by a force of 6.67×10-11N. That is gravitational force is much weaker than electrostatic force.Electrostatic arises due to influence of electric field on a charge mediated by photons while gravitational force arises due to curvature of space by the presence of mass.
Why is electrostatic force medium dependent while gravitational force is not?
Electrostatic force is NOT medium dependent. The force between two unit charges at a given distance is always the same, irrespective of the surroundings, and is given by the Coulomb's law (with constant [math]\epsilon_{0}[/math]). When you put charges inside a medium like water/oil, the medium around gets polarized, and the new field created due to this acts on the charges inside it. That's why is looks as if there was an "apparent" change in force between charges as compared to when they were in vacuum. Since there is no concept of gravitational poles in any of the well known theories on gravity, we don't see any similar polarization effect.
Why does the weaker force of gravity dominate over electrical forces for astronomical objects?
Masses tend to accumulate since gravitation force is always attractive. Like charges tend to disperse since the electrostatic force between like charges is repulsive. When unlike charges are attracted together, they neutralize each other. So in nature you tend to have large-scale masses and small-scale charge collections and imbalances. Thus gravity dominates over large distances and electrostatics dominate over very small distances. A thunderhead is an incursion of electrostatics into the middle-scale domain, and here the electrostatic forces are comparable to, but smaller than the forces of weight, buoyancy and wind, since the charges are typically only a few tens of Coulombs and the separation distances are on the order of a few km. On a larger scale, the total charge of the Earth is ~5E5 C, but this is distributed over Earth's area resulting in an E field of only ~100 V/m.
Why don't we feel the effects of electric force?
Two answers to this. 1. We and most of the objects around us are electrically neutral or very close to it. We certainly feel the electrical effects when there is a large accumulation of charge, like when we get a shock or get hit by lightning. 2. The electromagnetic force is what holds atoms together and binds them together to make solids. So in a sense every time we touch anything, we are feeling the electromagnetic force. It is that force that makes solids feel solid, specifically the repulsion between the electrons in our body and the electrons in the object.
Does the nucleus of an atom have gravitational force that make the electrons to revolve around?
There are four basic universal forces commonly classified in physics. The Strong Force: As the name suggest, it is the strongest force known. It is so strong that it can hold two positively charged protons together in nucleus. But it has limitation to range. It can effect up to only 1 fm(femtometer or 10^-15 m).The Weak Force: This force is responsible for nuclear beta decay and other similar decay processes involving fundamental particles. The range of this force is also smaller than 1 fm and is 10^-7 times weaker than the strong force.The Electromagnetic Force: This is the force which exists between all particles which have an electric charge.The force is long range, in principle extending over infinite distance. As electrons have opposite charge to protons in nucleus, the electromagnetic attraction force make them to orbit around to avoid collision. Many everyday experiences such as friction and air resistance are due to this force. This is also the resistant force that we feel, for example, when pressing our palm against a wall. This is originated from the fact that no two atoms can occupy the same space. Interesting fact regarding this is that no two objects really touches each other. The distance gets really close to zero but not zero. Electromagnetic force do not let two electrons of outer most orbits of respected atoms and objects to really touch. (You can use this to explain someone that you actually did not touch them in case of unintentional physical contact in public place, BUT only on your risk. :-P)The Gravitational Force:Gravitational force is cumulative and extended to infinity. It exists whenever there is matter. As a example the computer or mobile you are reading quora on is also inducing force on you(and you toward your computer or mobile), but it is too small to sense. This force depends on mass and distance. So YES the nucleus of an atom have gravitational force on electrons but it is too small to make them to revolve around. They revolves due to effect of Electromagnetic Force.I hope this explains your question. Happy learning :-)
The relationship and differences between electric potential and electric potential energy.....................?
In the gravitational world: F(z) = m*g g is the gravitational field. It already contains a (-ž) in its direction, because it is a vector quantity. Force of gravity in a uniform gravitational field does not depend on location. The gravitational potential is given by: GP = -g·h g·h represents the dot product of g and h. It is negative, because g points downward, and h points upward. We want the scalar quantity to be positive when h is positive. The gravitational potential energy is given by: GPE = m*(-g·h) ----------------------------- In the electric world: Force: F, a vector quantity pointing in the direction of the force on our charge of interest Electric field: E, a vector quantity which is by definition, E = Fnet/q, where q is the charge of interest placed at a particular location. Electric potential: V. A scalar quantity representing the work required per unit charge, to bring a charge to the location of interest, from the datum, the location defined as V=0. Definition: V = -∫E·dx. Electric potential energy: EPE (I hate calling it U): EPE is a scalar quantity representing the work required to bring a particular charge of interest to the location of interest, from the datum. ----- Critical to understand: Electric field (E) only depends on the pre-existing arrangement of charges, presuming no magnetism effects exist. It doesn't depend on what charge is placed at the location, and it always points in the direction a possible positive charge will be directed by the force. Electric potential (V), often called Voltage, is like electric field, in that it only depends on the pre-existing arrangement of charges (and also the choice of datum). Both electric net force Fnet and electric potential energy EPE depend on the charge of interest chosen to be placed at the location of interest. They are related to electric field and electric potential as follows: Fnet = q*E EPE = q*V
Can static electricity make you defy gravity?
I would say yes. Reason is I saw at one time on the internet a site that explained about a person that was in a manufacturing plant, that was by a belt that was moving, and they were making plactic wrap or something like that. Anyhow he tripped and began to fall, but was stopped by some forcefield from the static I suppose, and was held at an angle, in which he could not penetrate. They tried to create the same effect again and couldn't. but I truly believe that it happened.