Describe The Structure And Biological Importance Of Each Of The Molecules Listed

What is the biological importance to cell division?

1. The characteristic feature of mitosis is the chromosomes are equally distributed among the two daughter cells. It helps in maintaning the similar amount of genetic material in all the body cells of the organism. It maintains constant amount of genetic material in all the body cells.

2. Addition of new cells by mitotic cell division is responsible for repair and healing of wounds and injuries etc. The cells of upper epidermal layer, lining of GUT and RBCs of blood are constantly replaced.

3. In a single celled organism, there is no possibility of differentiation. Presence of large number of cells in multicellular organisms help in their specialization into different types of cells performing varied functions.

4. Cell division is a way in which growth mainly takes place by increasing the cell number rather than increasing the cell size.

Describe the structure and biological importance of each of the molecules listed below?

1.Are usually cyclic and have large quantities of hydroxy groups, can be branched. They are an important source of energy for the cells.
2. Composed of a hydrophobic chain and hydrophilic head. Usually forms cell membranes.
3.Formed of amino acid chains, and are folded in a certain structure. These are usually enzymes which catalyse cell reactions. They also play roles in all actions within a cell, from communication, to cell division.
4.Long chains forming DNA sequences, forms a double helix, containing the genetic information of the cell. These are also found in RNA which allow DNA to be converted onto proteins.

What is the biological importance of carbohydrates?

Carbohydrates are important because they're where living things get most of their energy from.
Most of the carbohydrates you consume will ultimately be broken down into glucose. Glucose is a simple sugar that acts as the most important metabolic fuel for most living cells. Through the processes of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosporylation, which take place in the cell, glucose is gradually converted into carbon dioxide and water, while helping create a large quantity of ATP (a molecule with high-potential bonds which serve as a cellular energy unit).
Starch, alpha 1-4 polymerized glucose, is found in the structure of edible plant parts and is the most common carbohydrate in the human diet. Glycogen is a compound similar to starch that is found in animal liver as an emergency source of glucose. Cellulose is beta 1-4 polymerized glucose, is the most important component of plant cell walls. Most animals can't use cellulose as a source of glucose because they lack the enzymes to break apart the beta bonds.
Important carbohydrates you may know of, besides glucose, include ribose and deoxyribose, the sugars which basis of the structures of RNA and DNA.

Name the four types of large biological molecules and their main function?

These large biological molecules are called "macromolecules". The four kinds are: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

1. Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Carbs are made of monosacharrides (single sugars) linked together. Their function is to provide a key source of energy for cells. An example is starch, made of many linked glucose molecules.

2. Lipids: Lipids are nonpolar molecules that are not soluble in water. They include fats, phospholipids, steroids, and waxes. Lipids' functions are to provide energy and serve an important part in the structure and functioning of cell membranes. Some examples of lipids: butter (saturated fat), cholesterol (steroid), earwax (wax).

3. Proteins: Proteins are chains of amino acids. Proteins have a wide variety of functions. They can be enzymes, to promote chemical reactions; they can have important structural functions like collagen does in your skin. They can also help structure your ligaments, tendons, bones, hair, and muscles. They are found in fibers that help your blood clot. Proteins called antibodies help your body defend against infection. Other proteins in muscles allow them to contract (making body movement possible). Yet another type of protein called hemoglobin carries oxygen to cells throughout the body.

4. Nucleic acids: Nucleic acids are long chains of smaller molecules called nucleotides. Nucleic acids mainly serve the purpose of providing the organism with its genetic blueprint and coding. They basically tell you who you are.DNA and RNA are two types of nucleic acids.

List ten branches of biology and describe what each branch represents?

Anatomy---------The science of understanding the structure and make-up of the body.

Biochemistry----"The chemistry of life" Study of the structure and properties of molecules in living organisms and how those molecules are made, changed, and broken down.

Biophysics------
Cell biology-------The study of cellular form and function on a microscopic and molecular level.

Developmental biology-----The process whereby a single cell becomes a differentiated organism. The process of orderly change that an individual goes through in the formation of structure.

Ecology------The study of the interactions of organisms with their environment and with each other.

Evolutionary biology------In Darwinian terms a gradual change in phenotypic frequencies in a population that results in individuals with improved reproductive success.

Genetics------(1) The study of genes through their variation.
(2) The study of inheritance.

Immunology-----The study of immunity — the security or protection against a foreign organism or poison introduced into an individual.

Molecular biology-----The study of the structure, function, and makeup of biologically important molecules.

Biology - Branches of Biology
While botany encompasses the study of plants, zoology is the branch of science that is concerned about the study of animals and anthropology is the branch of biology to study human beings. However, at the molecular scale, life is studied in the disciplines of molecular biology, biochemistry, and molecular genetics. At the next level of the cell, it is studied in cell biology, and at multicellular scales, it is examined in physiology, anatomy, and histology. Developmental biology studies life at the level of an individual organism's development or ontogeny.

Moving up the scale towards more than one organism, genetics considers how heredity works between parent and offspring. Ethology considers group behavior of more than one individual. Population genetics looks at the level of an entire population, and systematics considers the multi-species scale of lineages. Interdependent populations and their habitats are examined in ecology and evolutionary biology. A speculative new field is astrobiology (or xenobiology), which examines the possibility of life beyond the Earth.

Hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups in biological molecules?

Scholarly articles for Hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups in biological molecules
Langmuir-Blodgett Films - Roberts - Cited by 778
Surface–Active Compounds from Microorganisms - Georgiou - Cited by 200
… Serum Albumin on Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic … - Kim - Cited by 106


Search Resultshydrophobic and hydrophilichydrophobic and hydrophilic Other Sciences discussion. ... What are examples of molecules that include both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups? ... Most biological molecules are amphiphiles, phospholipids for example which form the main ...
www.physicsforums.com › ... › Other Sciences - Cached - SimilarSelf Instructional on Biological MoleculesNow that we have introduced two groups of biological molecules, let us discuss ... This class of biological molecules includes the hydrophobic fats, oils and waxes. ... The dual hydrophobic and hydrophilic nature of this phospholipid is ...
homepages.ius.edu/GKIRCHNE/biomolec.ht...

How to describe or draw molecular geometeries for each of the 5 molecules listed below.?

These structures can all be predicted using the so-called valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) model. In this model, each atom is associated with a number of electron pairs. One electron pair is used per bond, regardless of the multiplicity of the bond, in addition to any lone pairs of valence electrons present. The electron pairs of the atom are assumed to take places on a sphere which are as far away as possible from each other. In the case of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), for example, sulfur has six σ bonds and so has six pairs of electrons. To be as far away as possible from each other they should be placed at the vertices of an octahedron.

For your molecules, the phosphorous atom in PH3 has 3 bonding pairs and one lone pair, which should be placed at the vertices of a tetrahedron. Considering only the bonding pairs this gives the geometry of a pyramid with three vertices at the base. As the lone pair is bulkier than the bonding pairs, the H-P-H angle should be expected to be less than the value, 109.5°, it would have if there was perfect tetrahedral symmetry.

The xenon in XeF2 has 2 bonding pairs and 3 lone pairs. To be as far apart as possible these should be placed at the vertices of a trigonal bipyramid (three equally spaced around the equator, one at the North Pole, and one at the South.) The equatorial positions are less crowded as they have only two neighbors at 90° to themselves while the poles have three neighbors at 90° to themselves. The bulky lone pairs therefore occupy the equatorial positions, so the geometry of the molecule is linear.

The other three examples are similar. PO4−−− should be taken to have 4 bonding pairs; SF2 has 2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs, while AsF5 has 5 bonding pairs.