If only one external force acts on a particle, does it necessarily change the particle's kinetic energy and ve?
The true statements should be: 1)Particle's kinetic energy may or may not change, and 2)Particle's velocity must change. An external force will always produce some net acceleration in the particle.thus the VELOCITY must change. Speed can still remain constant such that only direction of particle's movement changes.Then the Kinetic energy will also not change. A good example of this is the constant circular motion where one constant centripetal force acts on the particle. Here the velocity changes at every instant as the direction of movement(along the tangent to the circular path) always changes.But the speed is constant. Kinetic energy, thus, remains CONSTANT in the case of constant circular motion as the speed of particle is constant. In accelerated linear motion, an external force can change the speed of the particle and hence this time the kinetic energy as well as the speed of the particle change. hope this helps :)
Gravity is exerted by any body upon any other body (and vice versa). The direction along which that force is acts is the one given by the line segment joining the centers of mass.Supposing you were thinking of Earth gravity, our planet exerts it towards its center of mass. Every particle of your body is pulled along that direction.
Anti G Force particle/wave?
No = the 4 fundamental forces are well known and (except for the graviton) proven by experiment). Since there is no such thing as an 'anti-force', there is no room in Physics for your 'magic' particle, sorry :-) Now lets get onto you Q - is it possible to 'avoid' the effects acceleration ??? What are the effects - well, you are 'pressed into your seat; because your body is accelerated by the seat pressing against you What you need is a method of acceleration that acts on your entire body at the same time .. and this is what Gravity does ! If you jump out of a tall building, you are accelerated towards the ground at 9.81 m/s/s BUT you 'feel' weightless ! (and, until you hit the ground, you have no idea of how fast you are going) So there you have it - all you need to do is design a Gravity Generator = there is nothing to prevent that in theory (unlike an 'anti-gravity' generator which is just nonsense) You then accelerate the gravity generator at whatever rate you choose - say 1,000,000 G and set the generator to the same rate ... and your body 'falls' weightlessly towards the generator ... and so long as you never 'catch up' you can get to any speed you like ..
Why doesn't space have gravity?
Gravity is the other common force. Newton was the first person to study it seriously, and he came up with the law of universal gravitation: Each particle of matter attracts every other particle with a force which is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. The standard formula for gravity is: Gravitational force = (G * m1 * m2) / (d2) where G is the gravitational constant, m1 and m2 are the masses of the two objects for which you are calculating the force, and d is the distance between the centers of gravity of the two masses. G has the value of 6.67 x 10E-8 dyne * cm2/gm2. That means that if you put two 1-gram objects 1 centimeter apart from one another, they will attract each other with the force of 6.67 x 10E-8 dyne. A dyne is equal to about 0.001 gram weight, meaning that if you have a dyne of force available, it can lift 0.001 grams in Earth's gravitational field. So 6.67 x 10E-8 dyne is a miniscule force. When you deal with massive bodies like the Earth, however, which has a mass of 6E+24 kilograms (see this Question of the Day), it adds up to a rather powerful force. It is also interesting to think about the fact that every atom attracts every other atom in the universe in some small way! We refer to it as SPACE because there is nothing there. Thus u cant expect any gravity there.
Imagine two travelers, one in Indonesia and one in Kenya (both on equator) decide to travel strictly north, towards the north pole. Initially they both look north and their vectors (directions of travel) are truly parallel. They both move north with similar speed, and as they get closer to north pole they discover that they get closer and closer to each other, like some force made them come closer, although none of them experienced any force and both of them followed straight lines and kept their longitudes constant. When they get very close to the pole they see they're going to collide, so one of them takes a long stick and gives another end of the stick to the second traveler. If they both continue going north, they will literally feel a force: each of them will be pushed by the stick. And if they hold the stick tightly, and one of them is stronger, then only one of them will reach the pole while the other will be pushed from his straight line by the stick and be forced to "accelerate away" in terms of his longitude.What happens, of course, is that the space they travel is not flat, it's curved. General relativity says gravity works exactly the same way: it's the curvature of spacetime that makes objects that go in straight lines get closer to each other. And if some material object gets in the way, you can feel its pushing force (Earth pushes you from your "straight line in spacetime" just like that stick pushed the travelers).Equations of GR relate spacetime curvature to distribution and flux of energy and momentum, so as massive objects move in space, its curvature in different points also changes. These changes in curvature propagate with a limited speed and can be described as gravitational waves. If we could quantize this gravitational field we would get its excitations as a particle (graviton), however usual approaches to quantizing gravity do not work (you get nasty infinities and can't get rid of them, it's not renormalizable), so no luck for gravitational particle yet.
First, there isn't really a 'centrifugal force' per se. The experience of centrifugal force is due to motion within a rotating reference frame.There is something called a centripetal force. But that just means a force pointed towards the center of a circular path of motion. In other words, a force that is perpendicular to the direction of motion. Gravity often does act like this particularly for celestial bodies (planets, moons, stars). That is what causes them to orbit. But centripetal force does not cause gravity. Gravity just happens to be an example of a centripetal force in this case. Any force can be centripetal.Classically, Gravity is caused by the natural attraction of mass to mass.Relativistically, Gravity is the curvature of space-time which is caused by the presence of mass. This curvature changes the path of motion an object would take if space were flat. (In some way I suppose this interpretation could be read as a centrifugal force.)You might also be thinking of centrifugal force (so called) as a source of artificial gravity.Artificial gravity is not really gravity in the traditional sense of an attraction of mass to mass. Artificial gravity is caused by the ground pushing up on your feet with a force equal to the force the ground on Earth pushes up on your feet.
Higgs Boson.....how exactly does the higgs boson particle give mass?
The wiki page is ok, but you may find it heavy if you don't know anything about particle physics. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_mechanism Mass isn't necessarily just inherent in things. It can often be explained as potential or kinetic energy of some sort. If you've studied nuclear physics at all, you know that the sum of the whole is not the sum of the parts. The proton's mass is mostly due to the strong interaction between its constituent quarks, not the mass of the quarks themselves. But the quarks themselves (and leptons) do have mass that we can't explain. The vector bosons (W's and Z's) are thought to get their mass from the Higgs "force". This is pretty well understood--so much so that we'd be shocked NOT to find evidence of it at LHC. It is also possible that even the quarks and leptons might couple to the Higgs and pick up their mass that way.
Why does the force of gravity do no work on a satellite in circular orbit, but does do work on a satellite in?
properly, very purely, we can see that's genuine because of fact in an elliptical orbit, velocity isn't consistent (in case you remember Kepler's rules of action, the fee would be fabulous at perigee and least at apogee), and subsequently kinetic capability (a million/2*m*v^2) isn't consistent. In a around orbit, whether, the fee of the satellite tv for pc is consistent, and no kinetic capability is imparted. in spite of this, paintings = F(dot)d = F*d*cos(theta). In a around orbit, theta is often ninety, and because cos ninety = 0, no paintings is finished. In an elliptical orbit, theta varies alongside the orbit, and in basic terms reaches ninety at 2 factors.