Is Transferrin or Ferritin an enzyme?
I just want to know because i have a project and i need an enzyme. The function of Transferrin: Recent work on the structure and function of transferrin indicates that it is not only an inert carrier of iron but that it has a complex function in the absorption and distribution of iron in the body. Ferritin:Ferritin is a ubiquitous intracellular protein that stores iron and releases it in a controlled fashion. The protein is produced by almost all living organisms, including bacteria, algae and higher plants, and animals. In humans, it acts as a buffer against iron deficiency and iron overload.
Is TIBC and Transferrin Saturation the same thing?
No,TIBC is total iron binding capacity , its the amount of Iron capable to be bind to Transferrin. Transferrin saturation is the actual amount of Iron present in serum / TIBC.
Are the ferritin and transferrin saturation levels the same?
No. Ferritin is a measure of how much iron is in your blood. Ferritin test - Mayo ClinicTransferrin saturation is a measure of how much iron is available to move from one type of protein to another. Transferrin saturation - Wikipedia. Transferrin - Wikipedia. Ythey are measuring two different things.
Does transferrin and ferritin have quaternary structures?
In humans, transferrin consists of a polypeptide chain containing 679 amino acidsand two carbohydrate chains. The protein is composed of alpha helices and beta sheetsthat form two domains.[8]The N- and C- terminal sequences are represented by globular lobes and between the two lobes is an iron-binding site.The amino acids which bind the iron ion to the transferrin are identical for both lobes; two tyrosines, one histidine, and one aspartic acid. For the iron ion to bind, an anion is required, preferably carbonate (CO2−3).[8]Transferrin also has a transferrin iron-bound receptor; it is a disulfide-linked homodimer.[9]In humans, each monomer consists of 760 amino acids. It enables ligand bonding to the transferrin, as each monomer can bind to one or two atoms of iron. Each monomer consists of three domains: the protease, the helical, and the apical domains. The shape of a transferrin receptor resembles a butterfly based on the intersection of three clearly shaped domains.[8]So Yes transferrin has Quaternary structure.... It forms this quaternary structure around two Fe(II) binding sites and a few Fe(III) binding sites. It may bond to other molecules im not too sure. But its primary role is iron transferrence in the body. To create an iron pool. The last part related to domains of the above answer explains why.
What level of Transferrin Saturation should be considered too high?
My transferrin iron saturation is .46, and my Ferritin level is 480 ug/L. Tested in the early AM after 12 hours fasting. My doctor thinks that because my saturation is not above 60, I shouldn't be concerned about Iron Overload Diseases. I have had repeat tests with similarly high values, and my Ferritin level is increasing. Any Haematologists out there?
High Serum Ferritin Levels?
I'm no doctor BUT, your SF levels are very high. I'd be having phlebotomy's anyway - regardless of the appropriate readings on other blood chemistry's. I'd go with your doc's opinion to have phlebs. My gastroenterologist told me that liver readings could look normal until the liver crashes. If you don't feel well - fatigued, weak, etc. - that sure is a sign that something's not right. At any rate, regular phlebs keep your blood clean and fresh as your body is forced to make "new" blood. I've become aware that "blood-letting" is, in general, a very healthful thing to do. I have hereditary hemochromatosis - gone undiagnosed by my docs for years even though the blood chemistry clearly indicated an iron problem. I have phlebs every 6 weeks at a local blood donation center. My SF is now 20. When I started it was 500. Not that high compared to a lot of folks but I felt extremely fatigued and unable to function. I feel very good now. The first year I was diagnosed with HH I went once a week then twice a week. Piece of cake if your donation center knows about HH folks and to use a smaller needle since you need to keep your veins in good shape for a lifetime of phlebs.
What could cause a low transferrin saturation percentage along a high percentage transferrin saturation capacity?
Iron deficiency anemia is characterized by a low transferrin saturation percentage and a high binding capacity (TIBC), however usually the ferritin and iron levels are low. In virtually all other anemias, the saturation is high and the TIBC is low. We usually only do these tests when a patient has anemia or some other disorder such as hemochromatosis that affects the blood count as there really is no reason to do them in individuals with normal baseline labs. The one other condition I can think of with a high TIBC would be pregnancy, and you might get an anemia work up as there is a normal lower Hg/Hct associated with pregnancy, and many young females are in the low normal range due to menses.In summary, I admit that I can’t think of a scenario with a normal ferritin and serum iron (although normals near the lower limit could likely provoke these values, albeit on the near normal end of the range), as that should not prompt the high TIBC and low saturation %, as these are really values that one sees in response to iron deficiency. Recent iron transfusions, blood transfusions or “SLT” (shit like that) can also affect values. If you are describing an actual patient (as opposed to just presenting a theoretical situation) your physician can certainly consult a hematologist, as they are the ultimate experts (and I certainly hope one is on Quora to answer this as I would be interested in a further answer also).
Does ferritin levels drop while on period?
Ferritin levels are generally considered to reflect the body's total iron stores. During a given month, the value is not likely to be much affected by whether it's taken during menses or not. That being said, heavy flow over months certainly can affect ferritin levels. Menstruation, in general, can lower levels if iron intake does not match iron losses.
How is my ferritin high (more than 500)? I have low serum iron, about 30, and my liver blood tests are fine.
Ferritin is a protein that, releases when your body needs it. Ferritin is stored in the body’s cells until it’s time to make more red blood cells. The body will signal the cells to release ferritin.Ferritin can be elevated even when both serum iron and transferrin saturation percentages are at low-normal levels or below. High ferritin under these circumstances might not signal iron overload, but can result from a defense mechanism, sometimes called acute phase reaction. The body will synthesize ferritin in response to an evasion of many pathogens. The resulting conditions are sometimes referred to as the anemia of chronic disease, or more commonly today, inflammatory anemia. These are often temporary conditions that cause the body to store iron that would otherwise be available to assist invading pathogens and infection, tissue damage or other disease conditions.Ferritin is a protein synthesized by the body that is mainly utilized to store iron for future use. The body requires iron to make hemoglobin for blood and myoglobin for muscles.If your body doesn't have enough iron, it cannot produce enough healthy oxygen-carrying red blood cells. So in lay men’s terms, your ferritin level is how much iron is stored and your serum iron is how much you have circulating in your blood. Medline PlusI don’t know your histry or if you have any chronic conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, or cancer. Your doctor should be doing future tests to determine why your tests are abnormal. I hope that you find out the reason for these values.
Why is transferrin saturation values greater than 45 percent considered too high in a blood test?
A Transferrin Saturation is one of the key tests in what is often called an Iron Studies or Iron Profile. This includes Total Iron, Total Iron Binding Complex (TIBC), Transferrin Saturation and Ferritin.A high Transferrin Saturation is the key indicator for a genetic blood disorder called HFE Hereditary Haemochromatosis which is a disorder involving excess absorption and storage of Iron. This can lead to organ damage if left untreated. If you have had a reading of greater than 45% Transferrin Saturation on two subsequent blood tests the lab will often suggest to your doctor to screen for the HFE gene which will indicate if you have this genetic trait. It is a relatively common trait, particularly among those with Celtic heritage suggesting there was once a protective aspect to the disorder. There are however other disorders which are not as fully understood that can also lead to higher than normal Iron, Ferritin or Transferrin Saturation which are usually lumped together as Iron Overload disorders.Out of all the iron tests the Transferrin Saturation level is the one they look at for HFE Hereditary Haemochromatosis as it is not as strongly affected by other processes within the body. Ferritin for example can often become really high during an infection or inflammatory process but in the absence of high saturation it is not suggestive of HFE. However those with HFE gene usually also have very high Ferritin levels. As it was explained to me, in very layman’s terms, Ferritin is a measure of how much Iron you are storing, and Transferrin Saturation is a measure of the percentage of Iron actually moving around your body at present.If your HFE gene test comes back positive you will usually be recommended to undergo therapeutic venesections, which is where they remove blood (similar to a blood donation) in order to remove some of the excess iron. As your body then makes new cells to replace those lost it should also use up some of the Ferritin in storage. The aim of these therapeutic venesection is usually to get both your Ferritin below 50 ug/l and Transferrin Saturation below 50% to prevent or slow the organ damage.