What are the main differences between Ancient Roman and Medieval way of thinking?
One important piece of context that you need to know going into this line of thought is that while the Roman Empire was, in its heyday, more or less pretty Roman, European society and culture in medieval times had already supplanted many Roman ideas with ideas from the cultural groups in the areas they conquered (Franks, Gauls, Saxons, Iberians, Greeks, and Italians, to name a few).The most obvious difference is that Rome, in its early Republican days, was, as the name suggests, a more democratic and populist nation, while the fledgling kingdoms formed in the wake of the Roman Empire were chaotic despotisms.As far as military tradition went, early Rome would allow only Romans, and only wealthy Romans, to be in the military, as each man provided his own gear. The Imperial days saw these rules relaxed, and Rome relying more and more on foreigners and mercenaries. In medieval Europe, the peasantry became the backbones of armies. The wealthy were still the elites, but were not the bulk of the force as before.Roman military tactics also differed vastly from the successors. Cavalry were rare, and Roman legionnaires were generally well-armored and well-disciplined. More importantly, Rome had standing legions who were on duty most of the time, while medieval nations relied on conscription and bondage to supply fighting men. Cavalry, especially with the advent of the lance, became dominant forces on medieval battlefields on the fields of France, Germany and the rest of Western and Central Europe.Rome also moved from the pantheon they largely shared with Greece to monotheism, forming the Roman Catholic religion. This touches on another stark difference between Rome and medieval Europe--Rome was hardly as religiously fanatical as its successor states. Yes, they persecuted many Christians within the empire before they became Christians themselves, but I don't remember them fighting other nations ostentatiously for religious reasons, as in the case of the Crusades. Rome was also a nation based around laws in its early days, while medieval times saw rulers with absolute power, who were laws unto themselves. Slavery, I believe, was less prominent in medieval Europe as it was in Roman times, slaves in Roman times could buy their freedom, while medieval peasantry were "bonded" to the land they worked as a result of the feudal social contract.There are a lot more. I will add them when I remember.
Why law is so important in modern society?
Because when you have so many people functioning together as a group, a difference in moral code can be a definite problem. So the leader and/or government must set up a standard moral code that everyone has to follow. i.e. You think it is wrong to steal. You're neighbor thinks it is acceptable to steal. A law must be stated to allow or disallow stealing in your area, so that a unified moral code can guide the community and will, hopefully, prevent retaliation that could cause an outbreak of violence.
What are the officers of the Roman army called?
From the site listed below... "Let's start from the bottom. The lowest role of leadership on the chain is that of Decuriones. This man was the senior officer in charge of ten horsemen. He would basically represent that small group of soldiers and, if he was killed in battle, the next most senior person would take his place. The next step up on the ladder is the job of Praefectus. This person was the commander of the cavalry. One more rung on the ladder is the Centurion. He would lead a century. This officer was non-commisioned, and to hold this title, would have to had previously been a sergeant. The following are even higher positions that are reached through an entirely different type of promotion. Only senators could ever get these positions. The Military Tribune is the first on this list. The Tribune was in charge of keeping an accurate list of all the soldiers, noting casualties, and when needed becoming a mediator in minor disputes. The Qaestor was the treasurer of the Roman Army, they would handle the logistics. These people served a term of one year. The commander and chief of a single roman legion, also known as the legion general. The second highest in command would be the Legati. This person served as the lieutenant general. This person was usually between the age of 30 and 40, and would serve a term of 3-4 years. The head man in charge of the ENTIRE Roman Army was the Dux. This person had it all. The Dux has the power to crush civilizations. The Dux has the power to expand the great Empire of Ancient Rome." Aloha
How did Ancient Roman law (the 12 tables) and the Bill of rights protect its citizens?
The Twelve Tables were an attempt to set up a system whereby the nobles (patricians) and the plebians would agree to the same rules, and where all men would be judged by impartial judges. They listed procedures for trials, debts, rights of the paterfamilias over his family, inheritance laws, land rights, civil rights, etc. The Tables gave the same rights to every citizen no matter what their wealth or status in society. They protected the poor against the rich, the weak against the strong. They set a range of punishments for different crimes: "let the punishment fit the crime". They were a step forward over "might makes right", in guaranteeing the rights of all citizens under their government.
What are 10 top reasons why rome fell?
Check out this website: http://www.roman-colosseum.info/roman-empire/reason-why-the-roman-empire-fell.htm The site states 13 reasons for the fall of Rome and why. The 13 reasons: 1. Decline in Morals 2. Political Corruption and the Praetorian Guard 3. Fast Expansion of the Empire 4. Constant Wars and Heavy Military Spending 5. Barbarian Knowledge of Roman Military Tactics 6. Failing Economy 7. Unemployment of the Working Classes (The Plebs) 8. The "Mob" and the cost of the "Games" 9. Decline in Ethics and Values 10. Slave Labor 11. Natural Disasters 12. Christianity 13. Barbarian Invasion I hope that helped! :) Good luck