Is It Customary To List One

What ways can a customary law be proven?

Thank you for the invite.It depends on the laws governing proof of customary law in your jurisdiction. But since the question bothers on “customary law” I’d assume you are an African and most likely a Nigerian. In Nigeria, the applicable law on proof of customary law is the Nigeria Evidence Act 2011, to wit, section 16. by that section, customary law can be proven to exist either by evidence (by citing the opinions of persons likely to know of it’s existence) or by judicial notice (where it has been adjudicated upon by a superior court of record). I hope this helps.

What are examples of customary law?

Customary law is unofficial law in short. It is the long-established customs (standards of community) of a particular place or locale that the general law regards as a lawful practice.For example, the so-called “Law of Nations” is a customary law. It comes from the customary exchanges between nations over time, and those customary exchanges may be based on historical relations, diplomacy or conflict. So customary international law is different from "international treaty law" (which are actual agreements or treaties between nations about obligations).Another example:— English common law recognises “long usage.” The broad principle in English property law is if something has been done for a long time without objection, the law will eventually recognise this fact (‘established in law,’ so to speak). So a person occupying land without title may continue to do so as a legal right if there had not been any objection to him occupying that land.Another example:— Indian law recognises many Indian social customs are legally valid, such as various forms of the Hindu marriage ceremony.Another example:— In Hong Kong, the law recognises any Chinese customary wedding (which essentially involves only a banquet in a public place and no ‘marriage’ ceremony) held before 1971 as a legally valid marriage.

Could anyone list some famous musical pieces written with more than the customary 4 chord arrangement?

Most classical music doesn’t work in the same way popular music does. Typically, pop music defines a “chord progression” and it’s this that I think you’re talking about being the customary 4-chord arrangement. There’s lots of pop music that doesn’t fit in that mold either: look into anything by Kate Bush, Dave Matthews, The Beatles… they have lots of examples of complex and multi-layered chord progressions in their songs.If you have an interest in some more classical music, I’d recommend listening to Claude Debussy’s compositions (Clair de Lune, Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun, La Mer …) - he was famous for very unusual progressions of chords in his music.

Is it customary in NYC for an offer letter to include health insurance only after a 90-day probationary period?

Not sure if it is customary but under the Affordable Care Act, the maximum waiting period for health insurance benefits is 90 days. Waiting periods are intended to prevent adverse selection - workers who are essentially joining a job just to take advantage of the health benefits (they might be extremely sick and need health insurance). Also, there is no individual underwriting (assessment of risk) in group insurance (which an employer would have) so the sick employee would not get charged the appropriate and higher premium required for his/her care . Your employer's use of the maximum allowed waiting period might be a result of a history of adverse selection among new employees.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of customary law?

Speed, low cost and legitimacy are huge advantages of customary law.In the Chicago Field Museum, I once saw a film showing customary law being administered by a Bakongo nganga.  A farmer had built levees to protect his fields from flooding, but the levees diverted the water onto his neighbor's fields, which thus got flooded even worse than usual.  The neighbor demanded that the levee builder forfeit his fields.  The nganga, after an elaborate ritual about "consulting with the spirits of the ancestors," refused to grant the neighbor any new land, but ordered the levee builder to help the neighbor build levees to protect his own land.  As a veteran of the American tort law system, I was awed by the fairness, the speed, and above all the cheapness of the the decision (the total litigation costs were one chicken, sacrificed by the parties to the dispute!)  And silly and superstitious as the "consulting with the ancestors" bit looks, it had its purpose: both litigants walked out satisfied that this was the true and just verdict, because the spirits had blessed it.  Our own judicial rituals - black robes 0r silly wigs for judges, banging the gavel, oaths sworn on the Bible - aren't nearly as effective in convincing litigants that justice has been served.The disadvantages: customary law is slow to establish and slow to adapt to new situations.  The nganga did a great job dealing with a farming dispute, but I'm not sure his experience and training would have equipped him to deal with an offshore drilling rights case.  And like any system built on tradition, it will tend to entrench traditional injustices as well.  Against that smart and fair Bakongo nganga, you have to also consider the Nigerian mullahs who ordered an adulteress stoned to death.